Higher risk for influenza‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) in asthmatic patients: A Swiss multicenter cohort study on IAPA in critically ill influenza patients. Issue 1 (16th November 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Waldeck, Frederike; Boroli, Filippo; Zingg, Sandra; Walti, Laura N.; Wendel‐Garcia, Pedro David; Conen, Anna; Pagani, Jean‐Luc; Boggian, Katia; Schnorf, Madeleine; Siegemund, Martin; Abed‐Maillard, Samia; Michot, Marc; Que, Yok‐Ai; Bättig, Veronika; Suh, Noémie; Kleger, Gian‐Reto; Albrich, Werner C.
• Is Part Of: Influenza and other respiratory viruses. Volume 17:Issue 1(2023)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2022-11-16
• Subjects: asthma -- influenza -- influenza‐associated aspergillosis -- intensive care medicine -- invasive aspergillosis; Influenza -- Periodicals; Respiratory infections -- Periodicals; Virus diseases -- Periodicals; Influenza, Human -- Periodicals; Respiratory Tract Diseases -- Periodicals; Virus Diseases -- Periodicals; Grippe -- Périodiques; Appareil respiratoire -- Infections -- Périodiques; Maladies à virus -- Périodiques; 616.203
• DOI: 10.1111/irv.13059
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1750-2640

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Influenza‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) is an important complication of severe influenza with high morbidity and mortality. Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicenter study in tertiary hospitals in Switzerland during 2017/2018 and 2019/2020 influenza seasons. All adults with PCR‐confirmed influenza infection and treatment on intensive‐care unit (ICU) for >24 h were included. IAPA was diagnosed according to previously published clinical, radiological, and microbiological criteria. We assessed risk factors for IAPA and predictors for poor outcome, which was a composite of in‐hospital mortality, ICU length of stay ≥7 days, mechanical ventilation ≥7 days, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Results: One hundred fifty‐eight patients (median age 64 years, 45% females) with influenza were included, of which 17 (10.8%) had IAPA. Asthma was more common in IAPA patients (17% vs. 4% in non‐IAPA, P = 0.05). Asthma (OR 12.0 [95% CI 2.1–67.2]) and days of mechanical ventilation (OR 1.1 [1.1–1.2]) were associated with IAPA. IAPA patients frequently required organ supportive therapies including mechanical ventilation (88% in IAPA vs. 53% in non‐IAPA, P = 0.001) and vasoactive support (75% vs. 45%, P = 0.03) and had more complications including ARDS (53% vs. 26%, P = 0.04), respiratory bacterial infections (65% vs. 37%, P = 0.04), and higher ICU‐mortality (35% vs. 16.4%, P = 0.05). IAPA (OR 28.8 [3.3–253.4]), influenza A (OR 3.3 [1.4–7.8]), and higher SAPS II score (OR 1.07 [1.05–1.10]) were independent predictors of poor outcome. Interpretation: High clinical suspicion, early diagnostics, and therapy are indicated in IAPA because of high morbidity and mortality. Asthma is likely an underappreciated risk factor for IAPA.