Flavonoid compounds isolated from Tibetan herbs, binding to GABAA receptor with anxiolytic property. (1st March 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Liu, Zenggen; Silva, Joshua; Shao, Amy S.; Liang, Jing; Wallner, Martin; Shao, Xuesi M.; Li, Mingzhu; Olsen, Richard W.
• Is Part Of: Journal of ethnopharmacology. Volume 267(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-03-01
• Subjects: Flavonoids -- Tibetan herbs -- GABAA receptor -- Structure-activity relationships -- Anxiety; AKM Arenaria kansuensis Maxim. -- BHM Biebersteinia heterostemon Maxim. -- BuOH butanol -- BZ benzodiazepine -- BZ-S benzodiazepine binding site -- CC column chromatography -- CNS central nervous system -- DMF 2′, 4′, 5, 7-tetrahydroxy-5′, 6-dimethoxyflavone -- DMS demethoxysudachitin -- DZP diazepam -- EtOAc ethyl acetate -- GABA γ-aminobutyric acid -- GABAAR γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor -- HEK human embryonic kidney -- HEPES 2-[4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl] ethanesulfonic acid -- OMe methoxyl; Ethnopharmacology -- Periodicals; Pharmacognosy -- Periodicals; Herbs -- Periodicals; Herbs -- Periodicals; Pharmacognosy -- Periodicals; Pharmacognosie -- Périodiques; Herbes -- Périodiques; 615.1
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113630
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0378-8741

Abstract

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Previously, the phytochemical constituents of Biebersteinia heterostemon Maxim ( BHM ) and Arenaria kansuensis Maxim ( AKM ) were studied and the evaluation of anxiolytic effect based on their extracts was also investigated. The two traditional Tibetan herbs, BHM and AKM, have been widely used in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for cardiopulmonary disorders and neuropsychiatric diseases. The anxiolytic activities of a number of agents mediated by α2/3-containing GABAA receptors (GABAA Rs) have been demonstrated through the genetic and pharmacological studies. Flavonoids, such as flavones and flavanols, are a class of ligands that act at GABAA Rs and exhibit anxiolytic effects in vivo . Here, the flavonoids are the predominant constituents isolated from BHM and AKM . And our purpose is to investigate structure-activity relationships of the flavonoid compounds with binding to BZ-S of GABAA R complexes, and to search for anxiolytic constituents that lack undesirable-effects such as sedation and myorelaxation. Materials and methods: The flavonoid constituents were separated and purified through the repeatedly silica gel or/and C18 column chromatography. The affinities of the compounds for BZ-S of GABAA Rs were detected by the radioreceptor binding assay with bovine cerebellum membranes, in which the different recombinant subunits-containing GABAA Rs were expressed in HEK 293T cells. The behavior tests, including elevated plus maze, locomotor activity, holeboard, rotarod and horizontal wire, were used to determine and evaluate the anxiolytic, sedative, and myorelaxant effects of these flavonoids. Results: Eleven total flavonoid compounds were obtained from the Tibetan herbs ( BHM and AKM ). The flavones with 6-and/or 8-OMe possessed the most potent binding affinity to GABAA Rs, which were based on the result of structure-activity relationships analysis. Demethoxysudachitin (DMS, Ki = 0.59 μM), a flavone that binds to recombinant α1-3/5 subunit-containing GABAA Rs, was isolated from BHM, and exhibited high anxiolytic activity, without inducing sedation and myorelaxation. Moreover, the anxiolytic effect of DMS was antagonized by flumazenil, suggesting that a mode of action was mediated via the BZ-S of GABAA Rs. Conclusions: This present study indicated that the flavones, especially DMS, are novel GABAA R ligands and therapeutic potential candidates for anxiety. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Eleven flavonoids were isolated and identified from two Tibetan herbs. 6- and/or 8-OMe flavones exhibited the most potent binding affinity to GABAA receptors. DMS, one of the natural flavonoids, competitively inhibited BZ-site [ 3 H] flunitrazepam binding (Ki, 0.59 μM). DMS presented high anxiolytic activity without sedation and myorelaxation. DMS may be a prospective therapeutic candidate for anxiety.