Chemical composition of Prunus padus L. flower extract and its anti-inflammatory activities in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages. (25th March 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Sile, Inga; Videja, Melita; Makrecka-Kuka, Marina; Tirzite, Dace; Pajuste, Karlis; Shubin, Kirill; Krizhanovska, Valerija; Grinberga, Solveiga; Pugovics, Osvalds; Dambrova, Maija
• Is Part Of: Journal of ethnopharmacology. Volume 268(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-03-25
• Subjects: Prunus padus -- Ethanolic extract -- Anti-inflammatory activity -- GC-MS -- LC-MS; BMDMs bone marrow-derived macrophages -- COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2 -- DAD diode-array detection -- DPPH 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl -- EC50 half maximal effective concentration -- ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbance assay -- ESI electrospray ionization -- FBS foetal bovine serum -- GAE gallic acid equivalent -- GC-MS gas chromatography-mass spectrometry -- HBSS Hank's buffered saline solution -- HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography -- IC50 half maximal inhibitory concentration -- IFN-γ interferon-gamma -- IL-4 interleukin 4 -- IL-6 interleukin 6 -- iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase -- LC-MS liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry -- LPS lipopolysaccharide -- M1 classically activated (pro-inflammatory) macrophages -- M2 alternatively activated (anti-inflammatory) macrophages -- M-CSF monocyte-colony stimulating factor -- MPP methylene chloride fraction of P. padus -- MTT 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide -- NO nitric oxide -- P padus, Prunus padus -- PPFE Prunus padus flower extract -- RT retention time -- TIC total ion current -- w/v weight by volume; Ethnopharmacology -- Periodicals; Pharmacognosy -- Periodicals; Herbs -- Periodicals; Herbs -- Periodicals; Pharmacognosy -- Periodicals; Pharmacognosie -- Périodiques; Herbes -- Périodiques; 615.1
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113678
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0378-8741

Abstract

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Prunus padus L. has been traditionally used in European ethnomedicine as a treatment for internal and external purposes and is mainly used to reduce inflammation, pain and fever. The activities of P. padus flower extracts are not well characterized, and additional experimental studies at the molecular level are needed to confirm the ethnobotanical findings. Aim of the study: To assess the potential of P. padus flower extract (PPFE) as a source of bioactive compounds through the characterization of its chemical composition and antioxidant, anti-collagenase, and anti-inflammatory activities. Materials and methods: The ethanolic extract (1:10 w/v in ethanol solution) from P. padus flowers was subjected to phytochemical analysis and evaluation of the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Anti-collagenase activity was determined using a spectrophotometric method in vitro . The effect of PPFE on inflammation was evaluated by measuring specific markers using flow cytometry and assessing pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) release by bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) ex vivo . Results: The major components of the ethanolic extract of P. padus flowers were quercetin diglycosides, chlorogenic acid and N′, N″-dicaffeoyl, N‴-coumaroyl spermidine. The total phenolic content of PPFE was 85.19 mg GAE/g extract, and the EC50 value in the DPPH assay was 0.55 mg/ml. PPFE exhibited the ability to inhibit collagenase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Preincubation of BMDMs with PPFE reduced the population of M1 (pro-inflammatory) and increased the population of M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages. Furthermore, PPFE decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 release from BMDMs. Conclusions: PPFE is a rich source of bioactive compounds and possesses considerable anti-inflammatory properties, supporting its use in ethnomedicine for the reduction of inflammatory processes. Graphical abstract: Image 1