Hypothalamo-Pituitary axis and puberty. (15th January 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Spaziani, Matteo; Tarantino, Chiara; Tahani, Natascia; Gianfrilli, Daniele; Sbardella, Emilia; Lenzi, Andrea; Radicioni, Antonio F.
• Is Part Of: Molecular and cellular endocrinology. Volume 520(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-01-15
• Subjects: GnRH pulse generator -- Kisspeptin -- KNDy neuronal Network -- Endocrine disrupters -- Precocious puberty -- Delayed puberty; Endocrinology -- Periodicals; Molecular biology -- Periodicals; Cytology -- Periodicals; Endocrinology -- Periodicals; Hormones -- Periodicals; Endocrinologie -- Périodiques; Cytology; Endocrinology; Molecular biology; Periodicals; 573.4
• DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111094
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0303-7207

Abstract

Abstract: Puberty is a complex process that culminates in the acquisition of psychophysical maturity and reproductive capacity. This elaborate and fascinating process marks the end of childhood. Behind it lies a complex, genetically mediated neuroendocrine mechanism through which the gonads are activated thanks to the fine balance between central inhibitory and stimulating neuromodulators and hormones with both central and peripheral action. The onset of puberty involves the reactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, supported by the initial "kiss" between kisspeptin and the hypothalamic neurons that secrete GnRH (the GnRH "pulse generator"). This pulsatile production of GnRH is followed by a rise in LH and, consequently, in gonadal steroids. The onset of puberty varies naturally between individuals, and especially between males and females, in the latter of whom it is typically earlier. However, pathological variations, namely precocious and delayed puberty, are also possible. This article reviews the scientific literature on the physiological mechanisms of puberty and the main pathophysiological aspects of its onset.