Sorghum improvement program by using mutation breeding in Indonesia. Issue 1 (April 2020) - Human, Soeranto
Abstract: Global climate change effects in agricultural fields often increase plant stress. For mitigating the negative effects of climate change, climate smart agricultural policies should be developed, for example, through the improvement of crop adaptability, productivity and quality in environments impacted by climate change. Attempts to increase crop genetic variability must be sought to aid in mitigating adverse consequences of climate change. For that purpose, mutation breeding plays an important role since it can increase genetic variation of important crops. By selecting desired mutant genotypes, the plant breeder can advance his or her germplasm by progressing lines with good adaptability, high productivity and quality under adverse conditions. For Indonesia, significant adverse impacts of climate change have appeared in some agricultural regions, such as prolonged drought problems in the east. To face the worsening conditions brought about by climate change and variability, a crop was sought that would require less agricultural input, being drought tolerant, having good adaptability and with high economic value. The choice fell on sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ). In certain areas sorghum is recognized as a source of food, feed and fuel. Mutation breeding of sorghum has been conducted at the Center for Isotopes and Radiation Application (CIRA), the National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (BATAN). Sorghum mutation breeding is relevant to the National programme on food and energy diversification to support food and energy security in the country. The breeding objectives are to improve sorghum genotypes for improved yield and quality, and which tolerant to adverse conditions brought about by climate change, especially prolonged drought. Three sorghum mutant varieties have now been obtained and develop further by stakeholders. Sorghum cultivation in Indonesia has given significant impacts on mitigating the effects of climate change and supporting food and energy diversification program for maintaining food and energy security in the country. It has also promoted economic growth in the rural areas impacted by climate change.