Flow measurement in mechanical ventilation: A review. Issue 3 (March 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Schena, Emiliano; Massaroni, Carlo; Saccomandi, Paola; Cecchini, Stefano
• Is Part Of: Medical engineering & physics. Volume 37:Issue 3(2015:Mar.)
• Page Start: 257
• Page End: 264
• Publication Date: 2015-03
• Subjects: Flowmeter -- Artificial ventilation -- Fleisch pneumotachograph -- Hot wire anemometry -- Orifice meter -- Ultrasonic flowmeter -- Fiber optic sensor -- Micromachined sensor; Biomedical engineering -- Periodicals; Biomedical Engineering -- Periodicals; Physics -- Periodicals; Génie biomédical -- Périodiques; Biomedical engineering; Electronic journals; Periodicals; 610.28
• DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2015.01.010
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1350-4533

Abstract

Highlights: The state of the art of flowmeters employed in mechanical ventilation is reviewed. We describe the working principles of the flowmeters employed in this field. Their main advantages and drawbacks are examined. Promising technologies employed to develop flowmeters are presented. Abstract: Accurate monitoring of flow rate and volume exchanges is essential to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury. Mechanical ventilators employ flowmeters to estimate the amount of gases delivered to patients and use the flow signal as a feedback to adjust the desired amount of gas to be delivered. Since flowmeters play a crucial role in this field, they are required to fulfill strict criteria in terms of dynamic and static characteristics. Therefore, mechanical ventilators are equipped with only the following kinds of flowmeters: linear pneumotachographs, fixed and variable orifice meters, hot wire anemometers, and ultrasonic flowmeters. This paper provides an overview of these sensors. Their working principles are described together with their relevant advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the most promising emerging approaches for flowmeters design (i.e., fiber optic technology and three dimensional micro-fabrication) are briefly reviewed showing their potential for this application.