A simple, economical and environmental-friendly method for staining protein gels using an extract from walnut-husk. (5th January 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mushtaq, Umar; Bhat, Sehar Saleem; Parray, Arif Ali; Nabi, Sumaiya; Wani, Aflaq Hamid; Qurashi, Ahsanul Haq; Siddiqui, Khawar Sohail; Khanday, Firdous Ahmad
• Is Part Of: Chemico-biological interactions. Volume 333(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-01-05
• Subjects: SDS-PAGE -- GC-MS -- Coomassie -- Juglans regia -- Protein -- Staining -- Natural product -- Myricetin -- Walnut husk; Biochemistry -- Periodicals; Toxicological chemistry -- Periodicals; Biochemistry -- Periodicals; Biologie moléculaire -- Périodiques; Biochimie -- Périodiques; Toxicologie biochimique -- Périodiques; 572
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109310
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0009-2797

Abstract

Abstract: We wish to present a simple, rapid, cost-effective and environmentally safe method for staining proteins in polyacrylamide gels, using aqueous-based natural extracts from fresh green walnut ( Juglans regia) hulls/husks. The technique takes not more than 10 min for staining and is comparable in sensitivity to the most commonly used Coomassie R-250 staining method when applied to different concentrations of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and various amounts of E. coli extracts. The protein (BSA) band (~0.5 μg) and E. coli extract comprising ~25 μg total protein can be visualized on polyacrylamide gels. Compared to both Coomassie and Ponceau S staining, the current method displayed more intense bands when proteins are transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. Although the walnut-dye (WD) method does not require a time-consuming destaining step, excess background stain can simply be removed by washing in water. Extract from old dried black husks and extract from fresh green husks kept for a year was also effective. Using LC-MS, Myricetin and/or Kaempferol were found to be active compounds responsible for staining proteins. Compared to traditional Coomassie method, the inclusion of expensive and toxic solvents (methanol and acetic acid) is completely avoided resulting in positive health, environmental and economic benefits. In view of all these advantages, the WD method has immense potential to replace currently used protein staining techniques. Highlights: Walnut husk stain is a simple, rapid, and safe method for staining proteins in polyacrylamide gels. Methanol and acetic acid used in the Coomassie method of staining the proteins are completely avoided. This method protects the researchers from toxic chemicals, thereby safeguarding their long-term health.