Genomic insights into the rapid emergence and evolution of MDR in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. (18th December 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: McCarthy, Alex J.; Harrison, Ewan M.; Stanczak-Mrozek, Kinga; Leggett, Bernadette; Waller, Andrew; Holmes, Mark A.; Lloyd, David H.; Lindsay, Jodi A.; Loeffler, Anette
• Is Part Of: Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. Volume 70:Number 4(2015:Apr.)
• Page Start: 997
• Page End: 1007
• Publication Date: 2014-12-18
• Subjects: antimicrobial resistance -- horizontal gene transfer -- MRSP -- whole-genome sequencing -- zoonotic; Anti-infective agents -- Periodicals; Chemotherapy -- Periodicals; 615.58
• DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku496
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0305-7453

Abstract

Abstract: Objectives: MDR methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) strains have emerged rapidly as major canine pathogens and present serious treatment issues and concerns to public health due to their, albeit low, zoonotic potential. A further understanding of the genetics of resistance arising from a broadly susceptible background of S. pseudintermedius is needed. Methods: We sequenced the genomes of 12 S. pseudintermedius isolates of varied STs and resistance phenotypes. Results: Nine distinct clonal lineages had acquired either staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) mec elements and/or Tn 5405 -like elements carrying up to five resistance genes [ aphA3, sat, aadE, erm (B), dfrG ] to generate MRSP, MDR methicillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius and MDR MRSP populations. The most successful and clinically problematic MDR MRSP clones, ST68 SCC mec V(T) and ST71 SCC mec II-III, have further accumulated mutations in gyrA and grlA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones. The carriage of additional mobile genetic elements (MGEs) was highly variable, suggesting that horizontal gene transfer is frequent in S. pseudintermedius populations. Conclusions: Importantly, the data suggest that MDR MRSP evolved rapidly by the acquisition of a very limited number of MGEs and mutations, and that the use of many classes of antimicrobials may co-select for the spread and emergence of MDR and XDR strains. Antimicrobial stewardship will need to be comprehensive, encompassing human medicine and veterinary disciplines to successfully preserve antimicrobial efficacy.