Tailoring the ions and bandgaps in a novel semi-ionic energy conversion device for electrochemical performance. (December 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zahra, M.; Raza, Rizwan; Ali, A.; Mushtaq, N.; Ahmad, M.A.; Shakir, I.; Abbas, Q.; Akbar, M.
• Is Part Of: Materials today energy. Volume 18(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-12
• Subjects: Optical bandgap -- Electrical bandgap -- Semi-ionic energy conversion device -- Composite materials -- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis; Energy development -- Periodicals; Energy industries -- Periodicals; Power resources -- Periodicals; Energy policy -- Periodicals; Energy development; Energy industries; Energy policy; Power resources; Electronic journals; Periodicals; 621.042
• DOI: 10.1016/j.mtener.2020.100536
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2468-6069

Abstract

Abstract: The new semi-ionic energy conversion (SIEC) device has attracted remarkable attention owing to its clean and environmentally friendly applications. In this device, novel materials and mechanisms have been explored using electronic and ionic conductor materials. The tuning effect of the ions and bandgap has been studied to investigate the structural, optical, and electrochemical performance of the material. Composite materials, gadolinium-doped ceria-cadmium-doped ZnO (GDC-ZnCdO), based on ionic gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) and semiconductor (ZnCdO) in molar ratios of 1:4, 2:3, 3:2, and 4:1 have been prepared by a wet chemical route. The crystalline structure of the GDC-ZnCdO was studied and found to have cubic and hexagonal wurtzite phases with an average crystallite size of 30–40 nm. The morphology of the prepared composite materials is a homogenous and porous structure. It was found that the addition of GDC increases the transmittance and shows a red shift in the bandgap from 2.70 eV to 2.46 eV. The maximum conductivity of 2.0 S/cm 1 was achieved for the sample 4GDC-1ZnCdO at 700°C. Electrochemical impedance spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis were performed to investigate the electrochemical properties of the prepared semi-ionic composite materials. The SIEC device showed a much better performance than a conventional solid oxide fuel cell. The maximum open-circuit voltage (OCV) of about 1.013 Vand power density of 0.65 W/cm 2 were obtained using hydrogen fuel at 600°C, as compared with a conventional fuel cell with 0.72 V and 0.27 W/cm 2, respectively. Hence, the results reveal that the ions and bandgap tuning play a crucial role in fuel cell functions. Therefore, it has been determined that the bandgap can be tuned to obtain a better and more stable performance of the SIEC device. This study presents a novel approach to enhance the electrochemical performance with the tailoring of the new semi-ionic materials. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: The new semi-ionic energy conversion device is designed. Composite materials based on ionic and semiconductors have been used. The bandgap tuning plays a crucial role in the fuel cell functions. The maximum open-circuit voltage of about 1.013 Vand power density of 0.65 W/cm 2 were obtained.