Widely heterogeneous humoral and cellular immunity after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection in a homogeneous population of healthy young men: Heterogenous immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Issue 1 (1st January 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Le Bert, Nina; Chia, Wan Ni; Wan, Wei Yee; Teo, Alvin Kuo Jing; Chong, Samuel Zeng-Rong; Tan, Nicole; Tan, Doreen Soek Chin; Chia, Adeline; Tan, Iain Beehuat; Kunasegaran, Kamini; Chua, Qin Xuan; Abdad, Mohammad Yazid; Ng, Aven Shan Hua; Vasoo, Shawn; Ang, Julian Xiao-Li; Lee, Mao Sheng; Sun, Louisa; Fang, Jinyan; Zhu, Feng; Cook, Alex R.; Aw, Tar Choon; Huang, Jingxiang; Tam, Clarence; Lee, Fong Sin; Clapham, Hannah; Goh, Enan Jun-Kang; Peou, Monica Socheata Suor; Tan, Shiow Pin; Ong, Siew Kim; Wang, Lin-Fa; Bertoletti, Antonio; Hsu, Li Yang; Ong, Biauw Chi;
• Is Part Of: Emerging microbes & infections. Volume 10:Issue 1(2021)
• Page Start: 2141
• Page End: 2150
• Publication Date: 2021-01-01
• Subjects: COVID-19 -- SARS-CoV-2 -- T cells -- antibodies -- adaptive immunity; Medical microbiology -- Periodicals; Communicable diseases -- Periodicals; Infection -- Periodicals; 616.9041
• DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1999777
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2222-1751

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Background: We studied humoral and cellular responses against SARS-CoV-2 longitudinally in a homogeneous population of healthy young/middle-aged men of South Asian ethnicity with mild COVID-19. Methods: In total, we recruited 994 men (median age: 34 years) post-COVID-19 diagnosis. Repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted between May 2020 and January 2021 at six time points – day 28 ( n = 327), day 80 ( n = 202), day 105 ( n = 294), day 140 ( n = 172), day 180 ( n = 758), and day 280 ( n = 311). Three commercial assays were used to detect anti-nucleoprotein (NP) and neutralizing antibodies. T cell response specific for Spike, Membrane and NP SARS-CoV-2 proteins was tested in 85 patients at day 105, 180, and 280. Results: All serological tests displayed different kinetics of progressive antibody reduction while the frequency of T cells specific for different structural SARS-CoV-2 proteins was stable over time. Both showed a marked heterogeneity of magnitude among the studied cohort. Comparatively, cellular responses lasted longer than humoral responses and were still detectable nine months after infection in the individuals who lost antibody detection. Correlation between T cell frequencies and all antibodies was lost over time. Conclusion: Humoral and cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is induced with differing kinetics of persistence in those with mild disease. The magnitude of T cells and antibodies is highly heterogeneous in a homogeneous study population. These observations have implications for COVID-19 surveillance, vaccination strategies, and post-pandemic planning.