An optimal integrated power and water supply planning model considering Water-Energy-Emission nexus. (1st February 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Afsari Mamaghani, Faraz; Omidvar, Babak; Avami, Akram; Nabi-Bidhendi, Gholamreza
• Is Part Of: Energy conversion and management. Volume 277(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-02-01
• Subjects: Power and water systems -- Integrated planning model -- Water-Energy-Emission Nexus -- Scenario implementation -- Nexus approach; CE carbon emission -- EP emitted carbon tax -- WP withdrawn water tax -- FC fuel costs -- Sfuel total fuels consumption -- IC investment costs -- MC_total total maintenance costs -- Tcosts cumulative annual costs -- NC_steam new capacity of steam power plants -- NC_gasplant new capacity of gas power plants -- NC_cc new capacity of combined cycle power plants -- NC_dg new capacity of distributed generators -- NC_nuclear new capacity of nuclear power plants -- NC_solar new capacity of solar power plants -- NC_wind new capacity of wind power plants -- NC_bio new capacity of biomaterial power plants -- NC_hydro new capacity of hydro power plants -- NC_wtreat new capacity of water treatment plants -- NC_wwtreat new capacity of wastewater treatment plants -- NC_desal new capacity of desalination plants -- TCp total capacity of power plants -- TC_thermalp total capacity of thermal power plants -- TC_techp total capacity of renewable power plants without hydro plants -- STC_techhydro total capacity of renewable power plants with hydro plants -- TCw total capacity of water plants -- TC_wtreat total capacity of water treatment plants -- TC_wwtreat total capacity of wastewater treatment plants -- TC_desal total capacity of desalination plants -- elec_wtreat electricity consumed by water treatment plants -- elec_wwtreat electricity consumed by wastewater treatment plants -- elec_desal electricity consumed by desalination plants -- elec_desconvey electricity consumed for desalinated water conveyance -- elec_stream electricity consumed for surface water exploitation -- elec_well electricity consumed for groundwater exploitation -- elec_pass electricity consumed for water passing -- elec_convey electricity consumed for water conveyance -- elec_distw electricity consumed for water distribution -- elec_distww electricity consumed for wastewater distribution -- elec_dispos electricity consumed for water disposal -- elec_finalconsumer electricity consumed by end-users -- elec_watersupply electricity consumed by water sector -- elec_nonwatersupply electricity consumed by non-water sectors -- energy_enduw energy consumed for end-use water -- ng_thermalp total natural gas consumption -- supply_elec total supplied power -- thermalp_elec power supplied by thermal plants -- techp_elec power supplied by renewable plants without hydro plants -- Stechp_elec power supplied by renewable plants with hydro plants -- steam_elec power supplied by steam power plants -- gasplant_elec power supplied by gas power plants -- cc_elec power supplied by combined cycle power plants -- dg_elec power supplied by distributed power plants -- nuclear_elec power supplied by nuclear power plants -- solar_elec power supplied by solar power plants -- wind_elec power supplied by wind power plants -- bio_elec power supplied by biomaterial power plants -- hydro_elec power supplied by hydro power plants -- supply_water total supplied water -- well_water supplied water from wells -- pass_water passed water without any treatment -- wtreat_water water supplied by water treatment plants -- wwtreat_water water supplied by wastewater treatment plants -- desal_water water supplied by desalination plants -- water_finalconsumer water withdrawn by end-users -- water_powersupply water withdrawn by power sector -- vwater_powersupply virtual water withdrawn by power sector -- Twater_powersupply total water withdrawn by power sector -- Twater_fu total water withdrawn for fuels; Direct energy conversion -- Periodicals; Energy storage -- Periodicals; Energy transfer -- Periodicals; Énergie -- Conversion directe -- Périodiques; Direct energy conversion; Periodicals; 621.3105
• DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2022.116595
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0196-8904

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Graphical Abstract Highlights: Water-Energy nexus is studied by integrated optimization model and Nexus Index. Nexus Index investigates interdependency of power and water sectors. Power and water sectors get more interdependent with no specific strategy. Rapid economic growth scenario is not recognized sustainable transition pathway. Renewable energy (between 20 and 40 %) reduce nexus intensity as well as carbon emission. Abstract: Water and energy are the major factors in the new United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainable conversion and management in the secure supply of increasing demand for water and electricity is a challenging concern. It is recently complicated due to economic development, population growth, resource depletion, and climate change, which requires a simultaneous progressive planning. Since energy and water systems are instinctively interdependent and mutually interacted (known as nexus), this paper employed an integrated solution-based method. A bottom-up optimization model is developed considering Water-Energy-Emission Nexus approach for both power and water sectors. The model minimizes the economic costs subjected to techno-economic constraints and socio-environmental requirements. An innovative multi-dimensional index called Water-Electricity Nexus Index is presented to assess how water and power sectors are interdependent. The model is applicable for any region and the results for a real case show that the nexus index is increasing remarkably ( 7.6, 3.3, 47.7 changes to 12.3, 3.7, 55.0 ) if the current situation continues for both sectors in the Business-As-Usual scenario. It means the two sectors are interweaving more in the coming years, which will make planning and security provisions difficult. The nexus of electricity for water sector increases by about 60 % and although the share of water withdrawal for power sector is 3.7 % in the region, the total water withdrawal is much more (55 % over the life cycle considering virtual water). Hence, several scenarios are defined to depict future transition pathways and optimal strategies considering demands, prices, taxation policy, restrictions, and technological efficiency. The results show that rapid economic growth scenarios are not sustainable transition pathways (i.e. the nexus index changes to 16.1, 20.8, 112.0 and 16.1, 20.3, 47.7 ). Finally, it is concluded that increasing the renewable resource of power generation capacity between 22 and 40 %, improvement of the achievable technological efficiency in power plants from 25 to 50 percent, as well as demand-side management to keep the annual growth rate of electricity and water between 1.5 and 2.5 % and 1.1–1.5 %, imposing the carbon tax (5–75 $ ton ) and water tax (0.1–2 $ m 3 ) are the major drivers to reduce the nexus index. This framework provides significant insights to improve the integrated planning of water and power sectors in the regions for managers and authorities.