A reverse logistics model with eco-design under the Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium and centralized framework. (10th February 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Saxena, Neha; Sarkar, Biswajit; Wee, Hui-Ming; Reong, Samuel; Singh, S.R.; Hsiao, Y.L.
• Is Part Of: Journal of cleaner production. Volume 387(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-02-10
• Subjects: Reverse logistics -- Waste reduction -- Eco-design -- Deterioration -- Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium -- Centralized decision making; Factory and trade waste -- Management -- Periodicals; Manufactures -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Déchets industriels -- Gestion -- Périodiques; Usines -- Aspect de l'environnement -- Périodiques; 628.5
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135789
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0959-6526

Abstract

Abstract: Due to the rising consumer concern and business responsibilities towards the environment, a closed-loop supply chain with a green design is considered. Reverse logistics and return policies are receiving more attention due to increasing consumer concerns and corporate responsibility toward the environment. Hence, this article presents a sustainable supply chain model for waste reduction incorporating reverse logistics operations. A suitable return policy is discussed here for deteriorating items, incorporating an eco-design framework. Since carbon emissions are a major environmental issue, a penalty tax for polluting is introduced to reduce carbon emissions. This model considers the cost of carbon emissions due to transportation, storage, production, landfilling, building construction, power supply, and loading/unloading. Unlike previous studies, this study investigates and compares three optimization techniques based on cooperative and non-cooperative associations. The mathematical formulation has been provided with different lemmas, theorems, and algorithms. By investigating end-of-life policies, it is shown that reused products can result in more profits for a company. A product usually becomes useless and non-recoverable after four uses. However, the product's reusability can be increased by investing more in the design stage of the item. Highlights: We developed a reverse logistics model considering environmental issues. The problem is formulated for both cooperative and non-cooperative games. The logistics involve a single-setup, multiple delivery system with resales. A numerical example and sensitivity analysis to illustrate the model are provided.