Low carbon power generation for offshore oil and gas production. (January 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Voldsund, Mari; Reyes-Lúa, Adriana; Fu, Chao; Ditaranto, Mario; Nekså, Petter; Mazzetti, Marit J.; Brekke, Olaf; Bindingsbø, Arne Ulrik; Grainger, David; Pettersen, Jostein
• Is Part Of: Energy conversion and management. X. Volume 17(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-01
• Subjects: Offshore -- Oil and gas -- Power generation -- Efficiency -- Low carbon -- GHG; AC Alternating Current -- ASU Air Separation Unit -- CCR CO2 Capture Ratio, defined as carbon captured divided by carbon in feed -- CCS CO2 Capture and Storage -- CCUS CO2 Capture and Utilisation or Storage -- CO2eq CO2 equivalent -- DC Direct Current -- EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation -- EU European Union -- FPSO Floating Production Storage and Offloading unit -- GHG Greenhouse Gas -- GT Gas Turbine -- GWP-20 Global Warming Potential evaluated over 20 years -- GWP-100 Global Warming Potential evaluated over 100 years -- HAT Humid Air Turbine -- HP High Pressure -- HRSG Heat Recovery Steam Generator -- HSE Health, Safety, and Environment -- HVAC High Voltage Alternating Current -- HVDC High Voltage Direct Current -- HVO Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil -- KPI Key Performance Indicator -- LCA Life Cycle Assessment -- LH2 Liquid Hydrogen -- LHV Lower Heating Value -- LP Low Pressure -- MCFC Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells -- NCS Norwegian Continental Shelf -- NG Natural Gas -- PEMFC Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells -- PV Photovoltaic -- SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction -- SMR Small Modular Reactors -- SNCR Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction -- SOFC Solid Oxide Fuel Cells -- WHRU Waste Heat Recovery Units
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2023.100347
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2590-1745

Abstract

Highlights: Emission reductions in power generation offshore are key to reach climate targets. Options for deep GHG emission cuts are identified. GHG emission reduction potential and applicability offshore evaluated. There is a need to develop low emission technologies not yet on the market. Abstract: Emission reductions in power generation for offshore oil and gas activities are key in order to reach climate targets in regions with this industry. This study presents a review of both established and immature low carbon power generation concepts, an analysis of their potential for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction, and an evaluation of their offshore applicability. The potential for GHG emission reduction is quantified by estimating CO2 equivalent intensity for implementation on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. The offshore applicability is evaluated with emphasis on weight, infrastructure requirements, process heat availability, technical maturity, as well as health, safety, and environment (HSE). It is shown that power from shore is the only technically mature concept with potential for very high emission reductions (>95 %, provided that low GHG electric power is available). There are several alternative concepts under development that also can give significant emission reductions (>70 %), including fuel switching, CO2 capture and storage, and renewable power combined with energy storage. Combined cycle gas turbines and offshore wind power combined with gas turbines are technically mature and can achieve partial emission reductions (around 15–50 %, with the assumed system configurations). Other concepts offering partial emission reductions are under development, but do not show clear advantages over those already mentioned. It is pointed out that, to enable reaching the net zero emission targets, only efficiency improvements and power from shore are not enough, and there is a need to develop additional low emission technologies not yet on the market. The present study has compiled a large database of specifications for assessing low carbon power production concepts and proposes a methodology that is valuable in screening a large number of commercial and immature technologies.