Pre-computation of image features for the classification of dynamic properties in breaking waves. Issue 1 (31st December 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Smith, Ryan; Dias, Frédéric; Facciolo, Gabriele; Murphy, Thomas Brendan
• Is Part Of: European journal of remote sensing. Volume 56:Issue 1(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-12-31
• Subjects: Breaking waves -- optical flow -- convolutional neural networks -- image classification -- water waves -- image augmentation; Remote sensing -- Periodicals; Remote sensing; Electronic journals; Periodicals; 621.3678
• DOI: 10.1080/22797254.2022.2163707
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2279-7254

Abstract

ABSTRACT: The use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in image classification has become the standard method of approaching many computer vision problems. Here we apply pre-trained networks to classify images of non-breaking, plunging and spilling breaking waves. The CNNs are used as basic feature extractors and a classifier is then trained on top of these networks. The dynamic nature of breaking waves is exploited by using image sequences extracted from videos to gain extra information and improve the classification results. We also see improved classification performance by using pre-computed image features such as the Optical Flow (OF) between image pairs to create new models in combination with infra-red images with reduction in errors of up to 60%. The inclusion of this dynamic information improves the classification between breaking wave classes. We also provide corrections to a methodology in the literature from which the data originates to achieve a more accurate assessment of model performance.