Rescuing mitochondria in traumatic brain injury and intracerebral hemorrhages - A potential therapeutic approach. (November 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ahluwalia, Meenakshi; Kumar, Manish; Ahluwalia, Pankaj; Rahimi, Scott; Vender, John R.; Raju, Raghavan P.; Hess, David C.; Baban, Babak; Vale, Fernando L.; Dhandapani, Krishnan M.; Vaibhav, Kumar
• Is Part Of: Neurochemistry international. Volume 150(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-11
• Subjects: Mitochondrial biogenesis -- Mitochondrial bioenergetics -- Immune activation -- Brain injury -- Mitophagy -- Therapeutic approach; Neurochemistry -- Periodicals; Neurochemistry -- Periodicals; Neurochimie -- Périodiques; Neurochemistry; Periodicals; 612.804205
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105192
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0197-0186

Abstract

Abstract: Mitochondria are dynamic organelles responsible for cellular energy production. Besides, regulating energy homeostasis, mitochondria are responsible for calcium homeostasis, signal transmission, and the fate of cellular survival in case of injury and pathologies. Accumulating reports have suggested multiple roles of mitochondria in neuropathologies, neurodegeneration, and immune activation under physiological and pathological conditions. Mitochondrial dysfunction, which occurs at the initial phase of brain injury, involves oxidative stress, inflammation, deficits in mitochondrial bioenergetics, biogenesis, transport, and autophagy. Thus, development of targeted therapeutics to protect mitochondria may improve functional outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH). In this review, we summarize mitochondrial dysfunction related to TBI and ICH, including the mechanisms involved, and discuss therapeutic approaches with special emphasis on past and current clinical trials. Highlights: Mitochondria are powerhouse of the cell. Mitochondria regulates bioenergetics, calcium homeostasis, signal transmission, and fate of cell in case of injury. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to oxidative stress, loss of ATP, inflammation, loss of mitochondrial dynamics and cell death. Therapies targeting mitochondrial dynamics may improve acute and chronic outcomes in brain pathologies. Mitochondrial transfer from stem cells to injured cells has shown promising results to restore cellular metabolism.