Benzophenone-3 Passes Through the Blood-Brain Barrier, Increases the Level of Extracellular Glutamate, and Induces Apoptotic Processes in the Hippocampus and Frontal Cortex of Rats. (31st July 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Pomierny, Bartosz; Krzyżanowska, Weronika; Broniowska, Żaneta; Strach, Beata; Bystrowska, Beata; Starek-Świechowicz, Beata; Maciejska, Alicja; Skórkowska, Alicja; Wesołowska, Julita; Walczak, Maria; Budziszewska, Bogusława
• Is Part Of: Toxicological sciences. Volume 171:Number 2(2019)
• Page Start: 485
• Page End: 500
• Publication Date: 2019-07-31
• Subjects: benzophenone-3 -- extracellular glutamate -- caspase-3 -- lipid peroxidation -- memory -- rat; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Toxicology; Periodicals; 615.9
• DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz160
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1096-6080

Abstract

Abstract: Benzophenone-3 is the most commonly used UV filter. It is well absorbed through the skin and gastrointestinal tract. Its best-known side effect is the impact on the function of sex hormones. Little is known about the influence of BP-3 on the brain. The aim of this study was to show whether BP-3 crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB), to determine whether it induces nerve cell damage in susceptible brain structures, and to identify the mechanism of its action in the central nervous system. BP-3 was administered dermally during the prenatal period and adulthood to rats. BP-3 effect on short-term and spatial memory was determined by novel object and novel location recognition tests. BP-3 concentrations were assayed in the brain and peripheral tissues. In brain structures, selected markers of brain damage were measured. The study showed that BP-3 is absorbed through the rat skin, passes through the BBB. BP-3 raised oxidative stress and induced apoptosis in the brain. BP-3 increased the concentration of extracellular glutamate in examined brain structures and changed the expression of glutamate transporters. BP-3 had no effect on short-term memory but impaired spatial memory. The present study showed that dermal BP-3 exposure may cause damage to neurons what might be associated with the increase in the level of extracellular glutamate, most likely evoked by changes in the expression of GLT-1 and xCT glutamate transporters. Thus, exposure to BP-3 may be one of the causes that increase the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases.