To what extent does time spent on social media influence adolescent use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes: a longitudinal analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study. (November 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Purba, Amrit Kaur; Henderson, Marion; Baxter, Andrew; Pearce, Anna; Katikireddi, S Vittal
• Is Part Of: Lancet. Volume 400(2022)Supplement 1
• Page Start: S73
• Publication Date: 2022-11
• Subjects: Medicine -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; Medicine; Medicine; Electronic journals; Periodicals; 610.5
• DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02283-8
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0140-6736

Abstract

Abstract: Background: We estimated the effect of social media use on adolescents aged 14 years and risk of cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use when aged 17 years. Data was from the UK Millennium Cohort Study, which followed up approximately 19 000 children born between 2000 and 2002. Methods: Representative longitudinal data were collected at ages 14 and 17 years. Directed acyclic graphs identified confounders (eg, demographics, mental health, in-person interactions, cognitive ability, risk-taking, antisocial behaviour, previous or current parental cigarette or e-cigarette use, and socioeconomic circumstances). The relationship between self-reported social media use per weekday (reference category: from 30 min to 1h and cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use was examined using longitudinal analysis to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) or relative risks (RR). A complete case sample was used; weights accounted for sample design and attrition. This study was a secondary data analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study (prospective longitudinal study). Ethical approval was received from a Research Ethics Committee at each study sweep. Findings: In total, 6234 individuals (168 314 observations) were included. 5778 (92·7%) reported social media use, 1730 (27·8%) cigarette use, 1389 (22·3%) e-cigarette use, and 479 (7·68%) dual use. Social media use was associated with all outcomes in a dose-response manner. For cigarette use, ORs increased from 1·67 (95% CI 1·26–2·21) for 30 mins to 1 h, to 3·09 (2·43–3·91) for 2 h or longer of social media use. For e-cigarette use, ORs increased from 1·90 (1·41–2·55) for 30 mins to 1 h, to 3·34 (2·60–4·28) for 2 h or longer of social media use. For dual use, RRs increased from 1·91 (1·16–3·15) for 30 mins to 1 h, to 4·26 (2·81–6·46) for 2 h or longer of social media use. For e-cigarette and dual use, associations were stronger for males than for females; the opposite was found for cigarette use. Interpretation: After accounting for observed confounders and reverse causality, our findings suggest social media use, although only measured at one point in time, is associated with increased risk of cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use. The greatest risk was observed in those who used social media for 2 h or longer. Given the potential health harms of social media use, guidance for parents and caregivers about safe social media use and regulation on time spent on social media is required. Funding: Medical Research Council, Chief Scientist Office, Wellcome Trust.