Development and evaluation of osteogenic PMMA bone cement composite incorporating curcumin for bone repairing. (January 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Boschetto, F.; Honma, T.; Adachi, T.; Kanamura, N.; Zhu, W.; Yamamoto, T.; Marin, E.; Pezzotti, G.
• Is Part Of: Materials today chemistry. Volume 27(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-01
• Subjects: Polymethylmethacrylate -- Biomaterials -- Mechanical properties -- Bone regeneration -- Curcuminoids; Chemistry -- Periodicals; Materials -- Research -- Periodicals; Materials science -- Periodicals; Chemistry; Materials -- Research; Electronic journals; Periodicals; 660.282
• DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2022.101307
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2468-5194

Abstract

Abstract: Acrylic resin (PMMA - polymethylmethacrylate) is a material widely used in orthopedics to fill gaps or cavities in the bone marrow, bone defects, and implants fixation. However, even if it possesses high mechanical strength and is considered bioinert, its use has various limitations related to the lack of positive additional bioactive effects, such as osteogenesis stimulation. This work reports a preliminary assessment of the effects of curcumin incorporated in PMMA bone cements at different concentrations (4, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt%), and in particular, its osteoinductivity and osteoconductivity in vitro, tested with KUSA-A1 cells. The different samples were characterized using a combination of microscopic and spectroscopic techniques before and after in vitro testing. Results showed that curcumin and PMMA can produce a homogeneous composite material in a wide range of concentrations, up to at least 10 wt%. By increasing the percentage of curcumin both cellular adhesion and bone production are improved, without sacrificing the quality of the bone tissue formed. Addition of curcumin over a threshold of about 5% results in a sudden loss of ultimate strength with an increase of the elongation to failure. Samples containing about 5% of curcumin proved to have good in vitro performances without compromising the mechanical properties. This suggests how curcumin can be considered as a low-cost additive useful not only for its well-known antimicrobial activity but also in the bone regeneration improving the bioactive properties of the PMMA. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Development of a bone cement composite mixing PMMA with different concentrations of curcumin. Curcumin doesn't affect morphology but influences the chemistry of the surface, andthe thermal and mechanical properties. Increasing concentration of curcumin brings an improvement in bone formation butconcurrently decrease mechanical properties. Bone features and their quality do not change with the increase of curcumin. A range of curcumin can be used to improve bone formation while keeping unaltered mechanical properties.