The emergence of the stem cell niche. Issue 2 (February 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hicks, Michael R.; Pyle, April D.
• Is Part Of: Trends in cell biology. Volume 33:Issue 2(2023)
• Page Start: 112
• Page End: 123
• Publication Date: 2023-02
• Subjects: niche emergence -- progenitor to stem cell maturation -- skeletal muscle development -- niche rejuvenation and therapeutics; Cytology -- Periodicals; Cytology -- Research -- Periodicals; 571.6
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.07.003
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0962-8924

Abstract

Abstract : Stem cell niches are composed of dynamic microenvironments that support stem cells over a lifetime. The emerging niche is distinct from the adult because its main role is to support the progenitors that build organ systems in development. Emerging niches mature through distinct stages to form the adult niche and enable proper stem cell support. As a model of emerging niches, this review highlights how differences in the skeletal muscle microenvironment influence emerging versus satellite cell (SC) niche formation in skeletal muscle, which is among the most regenerative tissue systems. We contrast how stem cell niches regulate intrinsic properties between progenitor and stem cells throughout development to adulthood. We describe new applications for generating emerging niches from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) using developmental principles and highlight potential applications for regeneration and therapeutics. Highlights: Niches coevolve with the maturation of progenitor and stem cells from development through to adulthood. Fetal progenitors in emerging niches are highly expansive, whereas adult niches regulate stem cell quiescence. Fetal progenitors are less able to occupy adult niches during transplantation. Niche formation is stepwise, involving cell–cell contact, followed by cell–extracellular matrix contact, to affect cell polarity and maturation. Emerging niches use similar pathways and mechanisms during regeneration. Understanding niche formation may improve the quality and quantity of stem cells within niches. Supportive cell types in emerging niches are different from homeostatic adult niches. Human pluripotent stem cell lineages can be used to model components of niche development in vitro and in vivo.