Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Issue 10225 (29th February 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Bikbov, Boris; Purcell, Caroline A; Levey, Andrew S; Smith, Mari; Abdoli, Amir; Abebe, Molla; Adebayo, Oladimeji M; Afarideh, Mohsen; Agarwal, Sanjay Kumar; Agudelo-Botero, Marcela; Ahmadian, Elham; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Alipour, Vahid; Almasi-Hashiani, Amir; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amini, Saeed; Andrei, Tudorel; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Andualem, Zewudu; Anjomshoa, Mina; Arabloo, Jalal; Ashagre, Alebachew Fasil; Asmelash, Daniel; Ataro, Zerihun; Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi; Ayanore, Martin Amogre; Badawi, Alaa; Bakhtiari, Ahad; Ballew, Shoshana H; Balouchi, Abbas; Banach, Maciej; Barquera, Simon; Basu, Sanjay; Bayih, Mulat Tirfie; Bedi, Neeraj; Bello, Aminu K; Bensenor, Isabela M; Bijani, Ali; Boloor, Archith; Borzì, Antonio M; Cámera, Luis Alberto; Carrero, Juan J; Carvalho, Félix; Castro, Franz; Catalá-López, Ferrán; Chang, Alex R; Chin, Ken Lee; Chung, Sheng-Chia; Cirillo, Massimo; Cousin, Ewerton; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Daryani, Ahmad; Das Gupta, Rajat; Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen; Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam; Desta, Desilu Mahari; Do, Huyen Phuc; Duncan, Bruce B; Eftekhari, Aziz; Esteghamati, Alireza; Fatima, Syeda Sadia; Fernandes, João C; Fernandes, Eduarda; Fischer, Florian; Freitas, Marisa; Gad, Mohamed M; Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn; Gebresillassie, Begashaw Melaku; Geta, Birhanu; Ghafourifard, Mansour; Ghajar, Alireza; Ghith, Nermin; Gill, Paramjit Singh; Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed; Gupta, Rajeev; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Haj-Mirzaian, Arya; Hariyani, Ninuk; Hasan, Mehedi; Hasankhani, Milad; Hasanzadeh, Amir; Hassen, Hamid Yimam; Hay, Simon I; Heidari, Behnam; Herteliu, Claudiu; Hoang, Chi Linh; Hosseini, Mostafa; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Jafari Balalami, Nader; James, Spencer L; Jassal, Simerjot K; Jha, Vivekanand; Jonas, Jost B; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Kabir, Ali; Kahsay, Amaha; Kasaeian, Amir; Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale; Kassaye, Hagazi Gebremedhin; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khalilov, Rovshan; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khan, Mohammad Saud; Khang, Young-Ho; Kisa, Adnan; Kovesdy, Csaba P; Kuate Defo, Barthelemy; Kumar, G Anil; Larsson, Anders O; Lim, Lee-Ling; Lopez, Alan D; Lotufo, Paulo A; Majeed, Azeem; Malekzadeh, Reza; März, Winfried; Masaka, Anthony; Meheretu, Hailemariam Abiy Alemu; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Mirica, Andreea; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M; Mithra, Prasanna; Moazen, Babak; Mohammad, Dara K; Mohammadpourhodki, Reza; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mokdad, Ali H; Morales, Linda; Moreno Velasquez, Ilais; Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam; Mukhopadhyay, Satinath; Nachega, Jean B; Nadkarni, Girish N; Nansseu, Jobert Richie; Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan; Nazari, Javad; Neal, Bruce; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Nguyen, Cuong Tat; Nikbakhsh, Rajan; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Nowak, Christoph; Olagunju, Andrew T; Ortiz, Alberto; Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo; Palladino, Raffaele; Pathak, Mona; Poustchi, Hossein; Prakash, Swayam; Prasad, Narayan; Rafiei, Alireza; Raju, Sree Bhushan; Ramezanzadeh, Kiana; Rawaf, Salman; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawal, Lal; Reiner, Robert C; Rezapour, Aziz; Ribeiro, Daniel Cury; Roever, Leonardo; Rothenbacher, Dietrich; Rwegerera, Godfrey M; Saadatagah, Seyedmohammad; Safari, Saeed; Sahle, Berhe Weldearegawi; Salem, Hosni; Sanabria, Juan; Santos, Itamar S; Sarveazad, Arash; Sawhney, Monika; Schaeffner, Elke; Schmidt, Maria Inês; Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth; Sepanlou, Sadaf G; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Sharafi, Zeinab; Sharif, Mehdi; Sharifi, Amrollah; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Singh, Jasvinder A; Singh, Narinder Pal; Sisay, Malede Mequanent M; Soheili, Amin; Sutradhar, Ipsita; Teklehaimanot, Berhane Fseha; Tesfay, Berhe etsay; Teshome, Getnet Fetene; Thakur, Jarnail Singh; Tonelli, Marcello; Tran, Khanh Bao; Tran, Bach Xuan; Tran Ngoc, Candide; Ullah, Irfan; Valdez, Pascual R; Varughese, Santosh; Vos, Theo; Vu, Linh Gia; Waheed, Yasir; Werdecker, Andrea; Wolde, Haileab Fekadu; Wondmieneh, Adam Belay; Wulf Hanson, Sarah; Yamada, Tomohide; Yeshaw, Yigizie; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yusefzadeh, Hasan; Zaidi, Zoubida; Zaki, Leila; Zaman, Sojib Bin; Zamora, Nelson; Zarghi, Afshin; Zewdie, Kaleab Alemayehu; Ärnlöv, Johan; Coresh, Josef; Perico, Norberto; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Murray, Chris J L; Vos, Theo;
• Is Part Of: Lancet. Volume 395:Issue 10225(2020)
• Page Start: 709
• Page End: 733
• Publication Date: 2020-02-29
• Subjects: Medicine -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; Medicine; Medicine; Electronic journals; Periodicals; 610.5
• DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30045-3
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0140-6736

Abstract

Summary: Background: Health system planning requires careful assessment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) epidemiology, but data for morbidity and mortality of this disease are scarce or non-existent in many countries. We estimated the global, regional, and national burden of CKD, as well as the burden of cardiovascular disease and gout attributable to impaired kidney function, for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017. We use the term CKD to refer to the morbidity and mortality that can be directly attributed to all stages of CKD, and we use the term impaired kidney function to refer to the additional risk of CKD from cardiovascular disease and gout. Methods: The main data sources we used were published literature, vital registration systems, end-stage kidney disease registries, and household surveys. Estimates of CKD burden were produced using a Cause of Death Ensemble model and a Bayesian meta-regression analytical tool, and included incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, mortality, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). A comparative risk assessment approach was used to estimate the proportion of cardiovascular diseases and gout burden attributable to impaired kidney function. Findings: Globally, in 2017, 1·2 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1·2 to 1·3) people died from CKD. The global all-age mortality rate from CKD increased 41·5% (95% UI 35·2 to 46·5) between 1990 and 2017, although there was no significant change in the age-standardised mortality rate (2·8%, −1·5 to 6·3). In 2017, 697·5 million (95% UI 649·2 to 752·0) cases of all-stage CKD were recorded, for a global prevalence of 9·1% (8·5 to 9·8). The global all-age prevalence of CKD increased 29·3% (95% UI 26·4 to 32·6) since 1990, whereas the age-standardised prevalence remained stable (1·2%, −1·1 to 3·5). CKD resulted in 35·8 million (95% UI 33·7 to 38·0) DALYs in 2017, with diabetic nephropathy accounting for almost a third of DALYs. Most of the burden of CKD was concentrated in the three lowest quintiles of Socio-demographic Index (SDI). In several regions, particularly Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America, the burden of CKD was much higher than expected for the level of development, whereas the disease burden in western, eastern, and central sub-Saharan Africa, east Asia, south Asia, central and eastern Europe, Australasia, and western Europe was lower than expected. 1·4 million (95% UI 1·2 to 1·6) cardiovascular disease-related deaths and 25·3 million (22·2 to 28·9) cardiovascular disease DALYs were attributable to impaired kidney function. Interpretation: Kidney disease has a major effect on global health, both as a direct cause of global morbidity and mortality and as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. CKD is largely preventable and treatable and deserves greater attention in global health policy decision making, particularly in locations with low and middle SDI. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.