Identification of the Aβ37/42 peptide ratio in CSF as an improved Aβ biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. Issue 1 (12th March 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Liu, Lei; Lauro, Bianca M.; He, Amy; Lee, Hyo; Bhattarai, Sanjay; Wolfe, Michael S.; Bennett, David A.; Karch, Celeste M.; Young‐Pearse, Tracy; Selkoe, Dennis J.
• Is Part Of: Alzheimer's & dementia. Volume 19:Issue 1(2023)
• Page Start: 79
• Page End: 96
• Publication Date: 2022-03-12
• Subjects: Alzheimer's disease -- amyloid β‐protein -- CSF biomarkers; Alzheimer's disease -- Periodicals; Alzheimer Disease -- Periodicals; Dementia -- Periodicals; Démence; Maladie d'Alzheimer; Périodique électronique (Descripteur de forme); Ressource Internet (Descripteur de forme); 616.83
• DOI: 10.1002/alz.12646
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1552-5260

Abstract

Abstract: Introduction: Identifying CSF‐based biomarkers for the β‐amyloidosis that initiates Alzheimer's disease (AD) could provide inexpensive and dynamic tests to distinguish AD from normal aging and predict future cognitive decline. Methods: We developed immunoassays specifically detecting all C‐terminal variants of secreted amyloid β‐protein and identified a novel biomarker, the Aβ 37/42 ratio, that outperforms the canonical Aβ42/40 ratio as a means to evaluate the γ‐secretase activity and brain Aβ accumulation. Results: We show that Aβ 37/42 can distinguish physiological and pathological status in (1) presenilin‐1 mutant vs wild‐type cultured cells, (2) AD vs control brain tissue, and (3) AD versus cognitively normal (CN) subjects in CSF, where 37/42 (AUC 0.9622) outperformed 42/40 (AUC 0.8651) in distinguishing CN from AD. Discussion: We conclude that the Aβ 37/42 ratio sensitively detects presenilin/γ‐secretase dysfunction and better distinguishes CN from AD than Aβ42/40 in CSF. Measuring this novel ratio alongside promising phospho‐tau analytes may provide highly discriminatory fluid biomarkers for AD.