The gut microbiome promotes arsenic metabolism and alleviates the metabolic disorder for their mammal host under arsenic exposure. (January 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Chen, Linkang; Li, Chengji; Zhong, Xiaoting; Lai, Chengze; Zhang, Bin; Luo, Yu; Guo, Honghui; Liang, Keqing; Fang, Jingwen; Zhu, Xuan; Zhang, Jingjing; Guo, Lianxian
• Is Part Of: Environment international. Volume 171(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-01
• Subjects: Rice arsenicals -- Arsenic biotransformation -- Gut microbiome -- Metabolomics -- Ceftriaxone; ICP-MS Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry -- HPLC-ICP-MS High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry -- UPLC-MS Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- GC–MS Gas Chromatographic Mass Spectrometry -- SRA Sequence Read Archive -- As Arsenic -- AsB Arsenobetaine -- DMA Dimethylarsinate -- iAsIII Arsenite -- iAsⅤ Arsenate -- MMA Monomethylarsonate -- tAs Total arsenic -- uAs Unknown arsenic -- UC Ulcerative Colitis -- TCM Traditional Chinese Medicine -- OTU Operational Taxonomic Unit -- LEfSe Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size -- R2 Coefficient of Determination -- LDA Linear Discriminant Analysis -- LOD Limit of Detection -- LOQ Limit of Quantification -- CRM Certified Reference Materials -- OPLS-DA Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis -- VIP Variable Importance in the Projection -- RSD Relative Standard Deviations -- Cef Ceftriaxone -- F/B Firmicutes/Bacteroidota -- PMI Primary Methylation Index -- SMI Secondary Methylation Index -- TMI Total Methylation Index -- CA Cholic Acid -- DCA Deoxycholic Acid -- CDCA Chenodeoxycholic Acid -- HDCA Hyodeoxycholic Acid -- LCA Lithocholic acid -- UDCA Ursodeoxycholic Acid -- GCA Glycocholic Acid -- GCDCA Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid -- TCA Taurocholic Acid -- α-MCA Alpha-Muricholic Acid -- β-MCA Beta-Muricholic Acid -- TCDCA Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid -- TUDCA Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid -- TDCA Taurodeoxycholic Acid -- GUDCA Glycoursodeoxycholic Acid -- T-α-MCA Tauro-Alpha-Muricholic acid -- GCDCA-d4 [2H4]-Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid -- GSH Glutathione -- SOD Superoxide Dismutase -- MDA Malondialdehyde -- 8-OHdG 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine; Environmental protection -- Periodicals; Environmental health -- Periodicals; Environmental monitoring -- Periodicals; Environmental Monitoring -- Periodicals; Environnement -- Protection -- Périodiques; Hygiène du milieu -- Périodiques; Environnement -- Surveillance -- Périodiques; Environmental health; Environmental monitoring; Environmental protection; Periodicals; 333.705
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107660
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0160-4120

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: Normal gut microbiome and metabolics contributes to the fecal arsenic excretion and biotransformation. Normal gut microbiome decreases the liver accumulation. Normal gut microbiome withstands arsenic stress by maintain a healthier fecal microbial networks and healthier fecal metabolome including amino acids, short chain fatty acids, organic acids and bile acid. Normal gut microbiome can and alleviated the metabolic disorder of the mammal host under arsenic exposure. Abstract: Gut microbiome can participate in arsenic metabolism. However, its efficacy in the host under arsenic stress is still controversial. To clarify their roles in fecal arsenic excretion, tissue arsenic accumulation, host physiological states and metabolism, in this study, ninety-six C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided to four groups, groups A and B were given sterile water, and groups C and D were given the third generation of broad-spectrum antibiotic (ceftriaxone) to erase the background gut microbiome. Subsequently, groups B and D were subchronicly exposed to arsenic containing feed prepared by adding arsenical mixture (rice arsenic composition) into control feed. In group D, the fecal total arsenic ( C tAs ) decreased by 25.5 %, iAs III composition increased by 46.9 %, unclarified As (uAs) composition decreased by 92.4 %, and the liver C tAs increased by 26.7 %; the fecal C tAs was positively correlated with microbial richness and some metabolites (organic acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, SCFAs, hydrophilic bile acids and their derivatives); and fecal DMA was positively correlated with microbial richness and some metabolites (ferulic acid, benzenepropanoic acid and pentanoic acid); network analysis showed that the numbers of modules, nodes, links were decreased and vulnerability was increased; some SCFAs and hydrophilic bile acid decreased, and hydrophobic bile acids increased ( Ps < 0.05). In the tissue samples of group D, Il-18 and Ifn-γ gene expression increased and intestinal barrier-related genes Muc2, Occludin and Zo-1 expression decreased ( Ps < 0.05); serum glutathione and urine malondialdehyde significantly increased ( Ps < 0.05); urine metabolome significantly changed and the variation was correlated with six SCFAs-producing bacteria, and some SCFAs including isobutyric acid, valeric acid and heptanoic acid decreased ( Ps < 0.05). Therefore, the normal gut microbiome increases fecal arsenic excretion and biotransformation, which can maintain a healthier microbiome and metabolic functions, and alleviate the metabolic disorder for their mammal host under arsenic exposure.