Adult brain cytogenesis in the context of mood disorders: From neurogenesis to the emergent role of gliogenesis. (December 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Martins-Macedo, Joana; Salgado, António J.; Gomes, Eduardo D.; Pinto, Luísa
• Is Part Of: Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. Volume 131(2021)
• Page Start: 411
• Page End: 428
• Publication Date: 2021-12
• Subjects: Neurogenesis -- Gliogenesis -- Cytogenesis -- Mood disorders; Psychophysiology -- Periodicals; Human behavior -- Periodicals; Animal behavior -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Behavior -- Periodicals; Ethology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Psychophysiologie -- Périodiques; Comportement humain -- Périodiques; Animaux -- Mœurs et comportement -- Périodiques; Neurologie -- Périodiques; Animal behavior; Human behavior; Neurology; Psychophysiology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 573.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.030
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0149-7634

Abstract

Highlights: Neurogenesis is a continuous process that remains active throughout life. Cytogenesis is a plastic phenomenon that adapts to environmental challenges. Cytogenesis is compromised in mood disorders and chronic stress. Gliogenesis is also a key feature for the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. Exploring the unique role of gliogenesis is crucial to understand disease mechanisms. Abstract: Psychiatric disorders severely impact patients' lives. Motivational, cognitive and emotional deficits are the most common symptoms observed in these patients and no effective treatment is still available, either due to the adverse side effects or the low rate of efficacy of currently available drugs. Neurogenesis recovery has been one important focus in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, which undeniably contributes to the therapeutic action of antidepressants. However, glial plasticity is emerging as a new strategy to explore the deficits observed in mood disorders and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Thus, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms behind glio- and neurogenesis to better define treatments and preventive therapies, once adult cytogenesis is of pivotal importance to cognitive and emotional components of behavior, both in healthy and pathological contexts, including in psychiatric disorders. Here, we review the concepts and history of neuro- and gliogenesis, providing as well a reflection on the functional importance of cytogenesis in the context of disease.