Destruction of microbial stability in drinking water distribution systems by trace phosphorus polluted water source. (July 2021) - Xing, Xueci
Abstract: The effects of trace phosphate concentrations (0, 0.3 and 0.6 mg/L) in water source were investigated on microbial stability of the drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs). Obviously, the results verified that in the effluent of DWDSs simulated by annular reactors (ARs), the total microbial biomass and the absolute concentration of opportunistic pathogens such as Legionella pneumophila, Mycobacterium avium, and Hartmanella vermiformis increased significantly with phosphate concentration increasing. Based on X-ray powder diffractometer and zeta potentials measurement, trace phosphate did change physicochemical properties of corrosion products, hence promoting microbes escape from corrosion products to bulk water to a certain extent. Stimulated by chlorine disinfectant and phosphate, the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from the suspended biofilms of AR-0.6 gradually exhibited superior characteristics including higher content, flocculating efficiency, hydrophobicity and tightness degree, contributing to formation of large-scale suspended biofilms with strong chlorine-resistance ability. However, the disinfection by-products concentration in DWDSs barely changed due to the balance of EPS precursors contribution and biodegradation effect, covering up the microbiological water quality risk. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the trace phosphorus polluted water source though its concentration was much lower than wastewater. This is the first study successfully revealing the influence mechanism of trace phosphate on microbial stability in DWDSs, which may help to fully understand the biofilms transformation and microbial community succession in DWDSs. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Trace phosphate did promoted microbial regrowth in drinking water distribution systems. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) exhibited higher content and molecular weight due to trace phosphate. Higher flocculating efficiency and tightness degree of EPS contributed to strong chlorine-resistance ability. The balance of EPS production and biodegradation caused disinfection by-products stabilization. Trace phosphorus polluted water source intensified the microbiological risk of tap-water.