Prevalence and Outcome of COVID-19 Infection in Cancer Patients: A National Veterans Affairs Study. (8th October 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Fillmore, Nathanael R; La, Jennifer; Szalat, Raphael E; Tuck, David P; Nguyen, Vinh; Yildirim, Cenk; Do, Nhan V; Brophy, Mary T; Munshi, Nikhil C
• Is Part Of: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Volume 113:Number 6(2021)
• Page Start: 691
• Page End: 698
• Publication Date: 2020-10-08
• Subjects: Cancer -- Periodicals; Cancer -- Research -- Periodicals; 616.994
• DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa159
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0027-8874

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Emerging data suggest variability in susceptibility and outcome to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Identifying risk factors associated with infection and outcomes in cancer patients is necessary to develop healthcare recommendations. Methods: We analyzed electronic health records of the US Veterans Affairs Healthcare System and assessed the prevalence of COVID-19 infection in cancer patients. We evaluated the proportion of cancer patients tested for COVID-19 who were positive, as well as outcome attributable to COVID-19, and stratified by clinical characteristics including demographics, comorbidities, cancer treatment, and cancer type. All statistical tests are 2-sided. Results: Of 22 914 cancer patients tested for COVID-19, 1794 (7.8%) were positive. The prevalence of COVID-19 was similar across age. Higher prevalence was observed in African American (15.0%) compared with White (5.5%; P < .001) and in patients with hematologic malignancy compared with those with solid tumors (10.9% vs 7.8%; P < .001). Conversely, prevalence was lower in current smokers and patients who recently received cancer therapy (<6 months). The COVID-19–attributable mortality was 10.9%. Higher attributable mortality rates were observed in older patients, those with higher Charlson comorbidity score, and in certain cancer types. Recent (<6 months) or past treatment did not influence attributable mortality. Importantly, African American patients had 3.5-fold higher COVID-19–attributable hospitalization; however, they had similar attributable mortality as White patients. Conclusion: Preexistence of cancer affects both susceptibility to COVID-19 infection and eventual outcome. The overall COVID-19–attributable mortality in cancer patients is affected by age, comorbidity, and specific cancer types; however, race or recent treatment including immunotherapy do not impact outcome.