Use of proton pump inhibitors for the risk of gastric cancer. Issue 49 (9th December 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Gao, Huiqin; Li, Lunan; Geng, Ke; Teng, Changzheng; Chen, Yuanyuan; Chu, Fei; Zhao, Yi
• Is Part Of: Medicine. Volume 101:Issue 49(2022)
• Page Start: e32228
• Publication Date: 2022-12-09
• Subjects: gastric cancer -- histamine-2 receptor antagonist -- meta-analysis -- proton pump inhibitor -- risk; Medicine -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; Médecine -- Périodiques; Geneeskunde; Medicine; Periodicals; Periodicals; 610.5
• DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000032228
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0025-7974

Abstract

Abstract : Background: This study aimed to systematically analyze the association between long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and the risk of gastric cancer (GC). Methods: We performed a systematic search of articles on the relationship between long-term use of PPIs and the risk of GC from PubMed and EMBASE. We calculated the pooled odds ratio of GC in PPI users compared to non-PPI users using random-effects models. Results: This meta-analysis included 18 studies from 20 different databases with 4348, 905 patients enrolled. In the random effects model, we found that an increased risk of GC among PPI users (OR = 1.94; 95% CI [1.43, 2.64]). The long-term use of PPIs compared with histamine-2 receptor antagonist users did not increase the risk of GC (OR = 1.65; 95% CI [0.92, 2.97]). Stratified analysis showed that PPI users had a significantly increased risk of noncardia GC (OR = 2.53; 95% CI [2.03, 3.15]), but had a relatively small relationship with the risk of gastric cardia cancer. (OR = 1.79; 95% CI [1.06, 3.03]). With the extension of PPI use time, the estimated risk value decreases (<1 year: OR = 6.33, 95% CI [3.76, 10.65]; 1–3 years: OR = 1.82, 95% CI [1.30, 2.55]; >3 years: OR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.00, 1.56]). Despite Helicobacter pylori eradication, the long-term use of PPIs did not alter the increased risk of GC (OR = 2.29; 95% CI [1.57, 3.33]). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis found that PPI use may be associated with an increased risk of GC. Further research on the causal relationship between these factors is necessary.