In situ detection of exosomal RNAs for cancer diagnosis. (1st January 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Sun, Zhiwei; Wu, Yanqiu; Gao, Fucheng; Li, Hui; Wang, Chuanxin; Du, Lutao; Dong, Lun; Jiang, Yanyan
• Is Part Of: Acta biomaterialia. Volume 155(2023)
• Page Start: 80
• Page End: 98
• Publication Date: 2023-01-01
• Subjects: Exosomal RNAs -- Cancer diagnosis -- In situ detection -- Transport methods -- Probe structures -- Signal amplification; Au NP gold nanoparticle -- CHA catalytic hairpin assembly -- CHCR–DNAzyme DNAzyme-amplified two-stage cascaded hybridization chain reaction -- CHDC catalyzed hairpin DNA circuit -- CLN cationic lipoplex nanoparticle -- CPP cell penetrating peptide -- DDCA dual-accelerated DNA cascade amplifier -- DPBS Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline -- ESCRT endosomal sorting complex required for transport -- EVs extracellular vesicles -- fLIGHT fluorescent intracellular­guided hairpin­tetrahedron -- FRET fluorescence resonance energy transfer -- GPC1 glypican-1 -- HCR hybridization chain reaction -- LNA locked nucleic acid -- MB molecular beacon -- MVBs multivesicular bodies -- ncMB three-dimensional MB -- NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer -- Ohi-MB overhang molecular beacon with internal dye -- PIWI parents interacting with infants -- PSA prostate-specific antigen -- RT-qPCR real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction -- SDP split DNAzyme probe -- SERS surface-enhanced Raman scattering -- SLO streptolysin O -- TIRF total internal reflection fluorescence -- VMFV virus-mimicking fusogenic vesicle; Biomedical materials -- Periodicals; 610.28
• DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.10.061
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1742-7061

Abstract

Abstract: Exosomes are considered as biomarkers reflecting the physiological state of the human body. Studies have revealed that the expression levels of specific exosomal RNAs are closely associated with certain cancers. Thus, detection of exosomal RNA offers a new avenue for liquid biopsy of cancers. Many exosomal RNA detection methods based on various principles have been developed, and most of the methods detect the extracted RNAs after lysing exosomes. Besides complex and time-consuming extraction steps, a major drawback of this approach is the degradation of the extracted RNAs in the absence of plasma membrane and cytosol. In addition, there is considerable loss of RNAs during their extraction. In situ detection of exosomal RNAs can avoid these drawbacks, thus allowing higher diagnostic reliability. In this paper, in situ detection of exosomal RNAs was systematically reviewed from the perspectives of detection methods, transport methods of the probe systems, probe structures, signal amplification strategies, and involved functional materials. Furthermore, the limitations and possible improvements of the current in situ detection methods for exosomal RNAs towards the clinical diagnostic application are discussed. This review aims to provide a valuable reference for the development of in situ exosomal RNA detection strategies for non-invasive diagnosis of cancers. Statement of significance: Certain RNAs have been identified as valuable biomarkers for some cancers, and sensitive detection of cancer-related RNAs is expected to achieve better diagnostic efficacy. Currently, the detection of exosomal RNAs is receiving increasing attention due to their high stability and significant concentration differences between patients and healthy individuals. In situ detection of exosomal RNAs has greater diagnostic reliability due to the avoidance of RNA degradation and loss. However, this mode is still limited by some factors such as detection methods, transport methods of the probe systems, probe structures, signal amplification strategies, etc. This review focuses on the progress of in situ detection of exosomal RNAs and aims to promote the development of this field. Graphical abstract: Image, graphical abstract