Association of anosmia and neutralizing antibody production in adolescents with SARS-CoV-2. (January 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Gitman, Lyuba; Newman, Daniel; Burak, Bahar; Reilly, Brian K.; Mudd, Pamela
• Is Part Of: International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology. Volume 164(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-01
• Subjects: SARS-CoV-2 -- Anosmia -- Olfaction -- Antibodies -- SNOT-22; SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 -- OGD olfactory and gustatory dysfunction -- SNOT-22 Sinonasal Outcome Test; Otolaryngology -- Periodicals; Pediatrics -- Periodicals; Otolaryngology -- Periodicals; Pediatrics -- Periodicals; Oto-rhino-laryngologie -- Périodiques; Pédiatrie -- Périodiques; 618.9209751
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111403
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0165-5876

Abstract

Abstract: Background: To monitor olfactory/gustatory dysfunction and its relationship to SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses in an adolescent population. Methods: Adolescents with changes in olfactory/gustatory functions were enrolled in a 15-month study. The patients were evaluated with 1) SNOT-22, 2) pediatric smell wheel, and 3) SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. The relationship between these scores and length of anosmia, and the amount of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were assessed. A brain MRI was performed in cases of persistent special sensory symptoms. Results: Eighteen patients were identified with smell and/or taste complaints. Most of the patients were female (67%) and median age was 15 years (range 11–17). Twelve patients had prior SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing, with only five patients with a positive result. The median SNOT-22 score was 16 (range 0–52) and the median smell wheel score was 6.5 (range 1–11). Patients with taste difficulty were more likely to have a score less than eight. 78% of the patients tested positive for antibodies and there was a strong negative correlation between smell wheel score and antibody level (Spearman, ρ = −0.798, p = 0.002). Five patients underwent MRI scan, and all resulted as normal olfactory bulb structures. 66% received nasal corticosteroids. 11 patients presented in follow up. Conclusions: Adolescents presenting to a pediatric ENT clinic during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic were likely to have prolonged (>6 weeks) symptoms of SARS-CoV-2. The majority do not report positive PCR testing result but do report systemic symptoms including anosmia. This suggests that anosmia may be both a late and prolonged symptom of SARS-CoV-2.