Early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Associations of two spirometry criteria with clinical features. (November 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mochizuki, Fumi; Tanabe, Naoya; Iijima, Hiroaki; Shimada, Takafumi; Shiraishi, Yusuke; Maetani, Tomoki; Yamazaki, Hajime; Shimizu, Kaoruko; Suzuki, Masaru; Chubachi, Shotaro; Ishikawa, Hiroichi; Naito, Takashi; Masuko, Hironori; Sakamoto, Tohru; Masuda, Izuru; Sato, Susumu; Hizawa, Nobuyuki; Hirai, Toyohiro
• Is Part Of: Respiratory medicine. Volume 204(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-11
• Subjects: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease -- Early COPD -- Prevalence -- Asthma -- Body mass index; Chest -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Chest -- Diseases -- Great Britain -- Periodicals; Respiratory organs -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Respiratory Tract Diseases -- Periodicals; Appareil respiratoire -- Maladies -- Périodiques; Thorax -- Maladies -- Périodiques; Appareil respiratoire -- Maladies -- Traitement -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 616.2
• DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2022.107011
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0954-6111

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Two spirometry criteria have been proposed for early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in young smokers: 1) forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 )/forced vital capacity (FVC) < the lower limit of normal (LLN), and 2) FEV1 decline ≥60 ml/year. These criteria have yet to be validated. This study explored clinical factors associated with these two spirometry criteria. Methods: This retrospective study analysed medical check-up data from 13, 010 consecutive subjects aged <50 years who underwent current and 3 previous spirometry tests in Japan. Current ≥10 pack-year smokers were the main focus of analysis; those meeting one or more spirometry criteria were diagnosed with early COPD. Early COPD was categorized into three subtypes: FEV1 /FVC < LLN and FEV1 decline <60 ml/year (type 1), FEV1 /FVC ≥ LLN and FEV1 decline ≥60 ml/year (type 2), and FEV1 /FVC < LLN and FEV1 decline ≥60 ml/year (type 3). Results: Of the 1579 current ≥ 10 pack-year smokers, 488 (30.9%) met the early COPD criteria. Multivariate multinomial logistic models adjusted for age, sex, height, body mass index (BMI) and smoking history indicated that past BMI increase and low exercise were associated with higher type 2 early COPD incidence (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 4.30 [3.10, 6.04], and 0.80 [0.69, 0.93], respectively) but not with higher type 1 incidence. A history of asthma was associated with higher type 3 incidence (OR [95% CI] = 1.98 [1.18, 3.07]). Conclusions: The 3 types of spirometry-based early COPD have different clinical factors. Their trajectories should be explored in longitudinal studies. Highlights: Two spirometry early COPD criteria were associated with different clinical features. Asthma history and early COPD with low FEV1 /FVC and rapid FEV1 decline. BMI change/low exercise and early COPD with normal FEV1 /FVC and rapid FEV1 decline.