Microalgae biomass deconstruction using green solvents: Challenges and future opportunities. (February 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Raj, Tirath; Morya, Raj; Chandrasekhar, K; Kumar, Deepak; Soam, Shveta; Kumar, Ravindra; Patel, Anil Kumar; Kim, Sang-Hyoun
• Is Part Of: Bioresource technology. Volume 369(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-02
• Subjects: Microalgal biomass -- Pretreatment -- Ionic liquids -- Deep eutectic solvents -- Lipids; NDESs Natural deep eutectic solvents -- ILs Ionic liquids -- GHG Green house gas emissions -- CO2 Carbon dioxide -- SO2 Sulfur dioxide -- NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory -- CO Carbon mono-oxide -- DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid -- HC Hydrodynamic cavitation -- H2SO4 Sulfuric Acid -- H3PO4 Phosphoric acid -- PEF Pulsed electric field -- KOH Potassium hydroxide -- HDES Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents -- ATPSs Aqueous two-phase systems -- PEG Polyethylene glycol -- PUFA Polyunsaturated fatty acids -- FAME Fatty acid methyl esters -- DES Deep eutectic solvents; Biomass -- Periodicals; Biomass energy -- Periodicals; Bioremediation -- Periodicals; Agricultural wastes -- Periodicals; Factory and trade waste -- Periodicals; Organic wastes -- Periodicals; Bioénergie -- Périodiques; Déchets agricoles -- Périodiques; Déchets industriels -- Périodiques; Déchets organiques -- Périodiques; Déchets (Combustible) -- Périodiques; 662.88
• DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128429
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0960-8524

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: Microalgal represents 3G feedstock for renewable fuels, chemical and energy production. Green pretreatment/ extraction processes for sugars, lipids and proteins have been outlined. Aqueous biphasic systems with suitable cations/ anions may promote high extraction yield. Integrated microalgal biorefinery development will enhance bioresource recovery. Biodegradability and recyclability are core areas that need to explore for scale-up activity. Abstract: Microalgae enable fixation of CO2 into carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins through inter and intracellularly biochemical pathways. These cellular components can be extracted and transformed into renewable energy, chemicals, and materials through biochemical and thermochemical transformation processes. However, recalcitrant cell wall and lack of environmentally benign efficient pretreatment processes are key obstacles in the commercialization of microalgal biorefineries. Thus, current article describes the microalgal chemical structure, type, and structural rigidity and summarizes the traditional pretreatment methods to extract cell wall constituents. Green solvents such as ionic liquid (ILs), deep eutectic solvents (DES), and natural deep eutectic solvents (NDESs) have shown interesting solvent characteristics to pretreat biomass with selective biocomponent extraction from microalgae. Further research is needed in task-specific IL/DES design, cation–anion organization, structural activity understanding of ILs-biocomponents, environmental toxicity, biodegradability, and recyclability for deployment of carbon–neutral technologies. Additionally, coupling the microalgal industry with biorefineries may facilitate waste management, sustainability, and gross revenue.