Research progress of ochratoxin a bio-detoxification. (15th January 2023) - Mwabulili, Fred
Abstract: Ochratoxins (OTs) is an extremely toxic mycotoxin in which Ochratoxin A (OTA) is the most toxic and prevalent in the ochratoxin family. OTA is among the five most critical mycotoxins that are subject to legal regulations. Animals and humans may be exposed to OTA through dietary intake, inhalation, and dermal contact. OTA is considered nephrotoxic, genotoxic, cytotoxic, teratogenic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, immunotoxic, and myelotoxic. So, intake of OTA contaminated foods and feeds can impact the productivity of animals and health of people. According to this review, several studies have reported on the approaches that have been established for OTA removal. This review focused on the control approaches to mitigate OTA contamination, OTA bio-detoxification materials and their applicable techniques, recombinant strains for OTA bio-detoxification, and their detoxification effects, recombinant OTA-degrading enzymes and their sources, recombinant fusion enzymes for OTA, ZEN and AFB1 mycotoxins detoxification, as well as the current application and commercialized OTA bio-detoxification products. However, there is no single technique that has been approved to detoxify OTA by 100% to date. Some preferred current strategies for OTA bio-detoxification have been recombinant degrading enzymes and genetic engineering technology due to their efficiency and safety. Therefore, prospective studies should focus on standardizing pure enzymes from genetically engineered microbial strains that have great potential for OTA detoxification. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Ochratoxin is an extremely toxic mycotoxin as it displays its effects at parts per billion. Ochratoxin A is among the five most critical mycotoxins that are subject to legal regulations. Intake of Ochratoxin A contaminated food and feed can impact the health of people and the productivity of animals. Carboxypeptidase A and Ochratoxinase are the common enzymes used in degrading OTA due to their effectiveness. Feed additives commonly originating from fungi or bacteria can transform mycotoxin into nontoxic or less toxic products.