Profibrotic function of pulmonary group 2 innate lymphoid cells is controlled by regnase-1. Issue 3 (11th March 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Nakatsuka, Yoshinari; Yaku, Ai; Handa, Tomohiro; Vandenbon, Alexis; Hikichi, Yuki; Motomura, Yasutaka; Sato, Ayuko; Yoshinaga, Masanori; Tanizawa, Kiminobu; Watanabe, Kizuku; Hirai, Toyohiro; Chin, Kazuo; Suzuki, Yutaka; Uehata, Takuya; Mino, Takashi; Tsujimura, Tohru; Moro, Kazuyo; Takeuchi, Osamu
• Is Part Of: European respiratory journal. Volume 57:Issue 3(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-03-11
• Subjects: Respiratory organs -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Respiration -- Periodicals; 616.2
• DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00018-2020
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0903-1936

Abstract

Regnase-1 is an RNase critical for post-transcriptional control of pulmonary immune homeostasis in mice by degrading immune-related mRNAs. However, little is known about the cell types Regnase-1 controls in the lung, and its relevance to human pulmonary diseases. Regnase-1-dependent changes in lung immune cell types were examined by a competitive bone marrow transfer mouse model, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were identified. Then the associations between Regnase-1 in ILC2s and human diseases were investigated by transcriptome analysis and a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model. The clinical significance of Regnase-1 in ILC2s was further assessed using patient-derived cells. Regnase-1 -deficiency resulted in the spontaneous proliferation and activation of ILC2s in the lung. Intriguingly, genes associated with pulmonary fibrosis were highly upregulated in Regnase-1 -deficient ILC2s compared with wild-type, and supplementation of Regnase-1 -deficient ILC2s augmented bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Regnase-1 suppresses mRNAs encoding transcription factors Gata3 and Egr1, which are potent to regulate fibrosis-associated genes. Clinically, Regnase-1 protein levels in ILC2 negatively correlated with the ILC2 population in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Furthermore, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients with ILC2s >1500 cells·mL −1 peripheral blood exhibited poorer prognosis than patients with lower numbers, implying the contribution of Regnase-1 in ILC2s for the progression of IPF. Collectively, Regnase-1 was identified as a critical post-transcriptional regulator of the profibrotic function of ILC2s both in mouse and human, suggesting that Regnase-1 may be a novel therapeutic target for IPF. Regnase-1 controls the proliferation and activation of ILC2, which thereby attenuates lung fibrosis in mice. In humans, lower regnase-1 level correlates with more abundant ILC2 number, which potentially associates with the prognosis of IPF patients. https://bit.ly/3c3GhKo