Tailored Bayes: a risk modeling framework under unequal misclassification costs. (7th August 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Karapanagiotis, Solon; Benedetto, Umberto; Mukherjee, Sach; Kirk, Paul D W; Newcombe, Paul J
• Is Part Of: Biostatistics. Volume 24:Number 1(2023)
• Page Start: 85
• Page End: 107
• Publication Date: 2021-08-07
• Subjects: Bayesian inference -- Binary classification -- Misclassification costs -- Tailored Bayesian methods; Medical statistics -- Periodicals; Biometry -- Periodicals; Health risk assessment -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Research -- Statistical methods -- Periodicals; 610.727
• DOI: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxab023
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1465-4644

Abstract

Summary: Risk prediction models are a crucial tool in healthcare. Risk prediction models with a binary outcome (i.e., binary classification models) are often constructed using methodology which assumes the costs of different classification errors are equal. In many healthcare applications, this assumption is not valid, and the differences between misclassification costs can be quite large. For instance, in a diagnostic setting, the cost of misdiagnosing a person with a life-threatening disease as healthy may be larger than the cost of misdiagnosing a healthy person as a patient. In this article, we present Tailored Bayes (TB), a novel Bayesian inference framework which "tailors" model fitting to optimize predictive performance with respect to unbalanced misclassification costs. We use simulation studies to showcase when TB is expected to outperform standard Bayesian methods in the context of logistic regression. We then apply TB to three real-world applications, a cardiac surgery, a breast cancer prognostication task, and a breast cancer tumor classification task and demonstrate the improvement in predictive performance over standard methods.