Affective flexibility as a developmental building block of cognitive reappraisal: An fMRI study. (December 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Pierce, Jordan E.; Haque, Eisha; Neta, Maital
• Is Part Of: Developmental cognitive neuroscience. Volume 58(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-12
• Subjects: Flexibility -- Cognitive reappraisal -- Emotion regulation -- Ambiguity -- Development -- FMRI; Cognitive neuroscience -- Periodicals; Developmental neurobiology -- Periodicals; Neuropsychology -- Periodicals; Neuropsychiatry -- Periodicals; 612.8233
• DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101170
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1878-9293

Abstract

Abstract: Cognitive reappraisal is a form of emotion regulation that involves reinterpreting the meaning of a stimulus, often to downregulate one's negative affect. Reappraisal typically recruits distributed regions of prefrontal and parietal cortex to generate new appraisals and downregulate the emotional response in the amygdala. In the current study, we compared reappraisal ability in an fMRI task with affective flexibility in a sample of children and adolescents (ages 6–17, N = 76). Affective flexibility was defined as variability in valence interpretations of ambiguous (surprised) facial expressions from a second behavioral task. Results demonstrated that age and affective flexibility predicted reappraisal ability, with an interaction indicating that flexibility in children (but not adolescents) supports reappraisal success. Using a region of interest-based analysis of participants' BOLD time courses, we also found dissociable reappraisal-related brain mechanisms that support reappraisal success and affective flexibility. Specifically, late increases in middle prefrontal cortex activity supported reappraisal success and late decreases in amygdala activity supported flexibility. Together, these results suggest that our novel measure of affective flexibility – the ability to see multiple interpretations of an ambiguous emotional cue – may represent part of the developmental building blocks of cognitive reappraisal ability. Highlights: Cognitive reappraisal is a crucial affective function that develops in childhood. Affective flexibility of valence judgments supports reappraisal success in children. Increased late PFC activity supports reappraisal success. Decreased late amygdala activity supports affective flexibility. Flexibility may be one developmental building block of emotion regulation ability.