Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Results of a web‐based multinational cross‐sectional study. Issue 1 (20th August 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kajdy, Anna; Sys, Dorota; Pokropek, Artur; Shaw, Steven W.; Chang, Tung‐Yao; Calda, Pavel; Acharya, Ganesh; Ben‐Zion, Maya; Biron‐Shental, Tal; Borowski, Dariusz; Czuba, Bartosz; Etchegaray, Adolfo; Feduniw, Stepan; Garcia‐Mandujano, Rosario; Santacruz, Monica Garcia; Gil, Maria M.; Hassan, Sonia; Kwiatkowski, Sebastian; Martin‐Arias, Arancha; Martinez‐Portilla, Raigam Jafet; Prefumo, Federico; Rabijewski, Michał; Salomon, Laurent J.; Tiller, Heidi; Verlohren, Stefan; Voon, Hian Yan; Yanque‐Robles, Omar Fernando; Yong, Soon Leong; Poon, Liona C.
• Other Names: Ajdacka Urszula investigator.; Andersson Ewa investigator.; Baranowska Barbara investigator.; Bączek Grażyna investigator.; Stiberg Birkelund Karine investigator.; Campos Del Castillo Katherine Belen investigator.; Gihad Chalouhi MD investigator.; Sung Chan‐Yu investigator.; Ciammella Ricardo investigator.; Cibert Angeles investigator.; Demirdjian Sabrina investigator.; Esteban Mariana investigator.; Filipecka‐Tyczka Dagmara investigator.; Freeman‐Rechy Sergio investigator.; Fedyshyn Tetiana investigator.; Gliozheni Orion investigator.; Hasbini Yasmin investigator.; Hernandez‐Muñoz Veronica Aide investigator.; Homitsky Sarah investigator.; Jasiak Hanna investigator.; Kaźmierczak Maria investigator.; Lewandowska Roksana investigator.; Li Yi‐Ying investigator.; Maquieira Josefina investigator.; Maksym Radosław investigator.; Medina‐Jimenez Virginia investigator.; Modzelewski Jan investigator.; Moren Juliana investigator.; Murillo‐Bargas Hector investigator.; Muzyka‐Placzyńska Katarzyna investigator.; Olisova Ksenia investigator.; Pawlicka Paulina investigator.; Juarez Peñalba Sofia investigator.; Lucia Pereyra Anabella investigator.; Qinami Arbesa investigator.; Redondo Zarely investigator.; Rasmussen Solrun investigator.; Sandoval Paz Cindy Rocío investigator.; Santacruz Martín Belén investigator.; Schwank Simone investigator.; Contino Storz Florencia investigator.; Tataj‐Puzyna Urszula investigator.;
• Is Part Of: International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics. Volume 160:Issue 1(2023)
• Page Start: 167
• Page End: 186
• Publication Date: 2022-08-20
• Subjects: anxiety -- coronavirus disease 2019 -- cross‐sectional studies -- depression -- economic status -- mental health -- patient health questionnaire -- pregnant women; Gynecology -- Periodicals; Obstetrics -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 618
• DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14388
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0020-7292

Abstract

Abstract: Objective: To assess risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID‐19 pandemic using Mind‐COVID, a prospective cross‐sectional study that compares outcomes in middle‐income economies and high‐income economies. Methods: A total of 7102 pregnant women from 12 high‐income economies and nine middle‐income economies were included. The web‐based survey used two standardized instruments, General Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7) and Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ‐9). Result: Pregnant women in high‐income economies reported higher PHQ‐9 (0.18 standard deviation [SD], P < 0.001) and GAD‐7 (0.08 SD, P = 0.005) scores than those living in middle‐income economies. Multivariate regression analysis showed that increasing PHQ‐9 and GAD‐7 scales were associated with mental health problems during pregnancy and the need for psychiatric treatment before pregnancy. PHQ‐9 was associated with a feeling of burden related to restrictions in social distancing, and access to leisure activities. GAD‐7 scores were associated with a pregnancy‐related complication, fear of adverse outcomes in children related to COVID‐19, and feeling of burden related to finances. Conclusions: According to this study, the imposed public health measures and hospital restrictions have left pregnant women more vulnerable during these difficult times. Adequate partner and family support during pregnancy and childbirth can be one of the most important protective factors against anxiety and depression, regardless of national economic status. Synopsis: Imposed public health measures and hospital‐level restrictions have made pregnant women more vulnerable to anxiety and depression during the COVID‐19 pandemic.