Health effects and known pathology associated with the use of E-cigarettes. (2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Esteban-Lopez, Maria; Perry, Marissa D.; Garbinski, Luis D.; Manevski, Marko; Andre, Mickensone; Ceyhan, Yasemin; Caobi, Allen; Paul, Patience; Lau, Lee Seng; Ramelow, Julian; Owens, Florida; Souchak, Joseph; Ales, Evan; El-Hage, Nazira
• Is Part Of: Toxicology reports. Volume 9(2022)
• Page Start: 1357
• Page End: 1368
• Publication Date: 2022
• Subjects: ENDS electronic nicotine delivery system -- e-cigarettes electronic cigarettes -- e-liquid e-cigarette liquid -- e-vapor e-cigarette vapor -- VG vegetable glycerin -- PG propylene glycol -- FDA Food and Drug Administration -- THC Tetrahydrocannabinol -- HNSCC head and neck squamous cancer cells -- XPC xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C -- OGG1/2 8-oxoguanine glycosylase -- CYP cytochrome P450 -- PAHs polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons -- ROS reactive oxygen species -- EMT epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition -- CSC Cancer Stem Cell -- Sox2, SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 -- Yap1 Yes associated protein 1 -- E2F1 E2F transcription factor 1 -- Oct4, Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 -- ZEB zinc finger E-box binding homeobox -- ZO-1 zonula occludens-1 -- EVALI e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury -- VAPI vaping-associated pulmonary injury -- AM alveolar macrophages -- MPP Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia -- BAL bronchial alveolar lavage -- PAFR platelet-activating factor receptor -- IL interleukin -- MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 -- CNS central nervous system -- CS cigarette smoke -- OS oxidative stress -- iPSC-EC induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells -- NOX NADPH oxidase -- FOXO3 forkhead box O3 -- TNF‐α tumor necrosis factor alpha -- AEC airway epithelial cells -- NET neutrophil extracellular traps -- NK natural killer -- MMP9 matrix metallopeptidase 9 -- CC16 Clara cell protein 16 -- CM cardiomyocyte -- COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease -- pAMPK phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase -- Nrf2 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 -- NQO-1 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 -- LDL low-density lipoprotein -- HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cells; E-cigarettes -- Vaping -- Nicotine -- EVALI -- Health risks; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Clinical toxicology -- Periodicals; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Hazardous Substances; Poisoning; Toxicology; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Periodicals; 571.9505
• DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.06.006
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2214-7500

Abstract

Abstract: In recent years, new nicotine delivery methods have emerged, and many users are choosing electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) over traditional tobacco cigarettes. E-cigarette use is very popular among adolescents, with more than 3.5 million currently using these products in the US. Despite the increased prevalence of e-cigarette use, there is limited knowledge regarding the health impact of e-cigarettes on the general population. Based on published findings by others, E-cigarette is associated with lung injury outbreak, which increased health and safety concerns related to consuming this product. Different components of e-cigarettes, including food-safe liquid solvents and flavorings, can cause health issues related to pneumonia, pulmonary injury, and bronchiolitis. In addition, e-cigarettes contain alarmingly high levels of carcinogens and toxicants that may have long-lasting effects on other organ systems, including the development of neurological manifestations, lung cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and tooth decay. Despite the well- documented potential for harm, e-cigarettes do not appear to increase susceptibility to SARS-CoV- 2 infection. Furthermore, some studies have found that e-cigarette users experience improvements in lung health and minimal adverse effects. Therefore, more studies are needed to provide a definitive conclusion on the long-term safety of e-cigarettes. The purpose of this review is to inform the readers about the possible health-risks associated with the use of e-cigarettes, especially among the group of young and young-adults, from a molecular biology point of view. Graphical Abstract: ga1 Highlights: There is an increased prevalence of e-cigarette use among young adolescents. E-cigarette use has potential side-effects on numerous organ systems. There are not sufficient data supporting the safety of e-cigarettes. More studies are needed to understand the long-term effects of e-cigarette use.