Beyond Clinical Outcomes: Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Favor Attentional and Memory Control Abilities for Trauma‐Related Words. Issue 5 (10th June 2020)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Beyond Clinical Outcomes: Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Favor Attentional and Memory Control Abilities for Trauma‐Related Words. Issue 5 (10th June 2020)
- Main Title:
- Beyond Clinical Outcomes: Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Favor Attentional and Memory Control Abilities for Trauma‐Related Words
- Authors:
- Tudorache, Andrei‐Cristian
Goutaudier, Nelly
El‐Hage, Wissam
Clarys, David - Abstract:
- Abstract: Memory alterations and biases are core features of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Although a large number of studies have investigated memory biases associated with PTSS, some inconsistencies remain regarding the nature of the mechanisms behind the threat‐related biases observed in prior findings. The present study explored the extent to which inhibitory deficits, both for automatic and controlled processes, can account for these biases. Participants ( N = 64) took part in a remember/know recognition procedure for positive, neutral, negative, and trauma‐related words associated with negative priming and directed forgetting encoding. Half of the participants had high levels of PTSS (i.e., PCL‐5 score > 40) and half had low levels (i.e., total PCL‐5 score < 20). As both negative priming and directed forgetting effects are posited to depend on inhibitory abilities, we expected these effects to be absent for trauma‐related words in participants with more severe PTSS. Replicating classic memory biases, participants with high levels of PTSS produced more "remember" recognition responses for trauma‐related words, ηp 2 = .10. However, contrary to our expectations, directed forgetting, ηp 2 = .26; and negative priming effects were observed for trauma‐related words but not for words of other valences, ηp 2 = .07 and .06, respectively. Hence, rather than the expected inhibitory deficits, our results suggest that PTSS preserve the ability to inhibit trauma‐relatedAbstract: Memory alterations and biases are core features of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Although a large number of studies have investigated memory biases associated with PTSS, some inconsistencies remain regarding the nature of the mechanisms behind the threat‐related biases observed in prior findings. The present study explored the extent to which inhibitory deficits, both for automatic and controlled processes, can account for these biases. Participants ( N = 64) took part in a remember/know recognition procedure for positive, neutral, negative, and trauma‐related words associated with negative priming and directed forgetting encoding. Half of the participants had high levels of PTSS (i.e., PCL‐5 score > 40) and half had low levels (i.e., total PCL‐5 score < 20). As both negative priming and directed forgetting effects are posited to depend on inhibitory abilities, we expected these effects to be absent for trauma‐related words in participants with more severe PTSS. Replicating classic memory biases, participants with high levels of PTSS produced more "remember" recognition responses for trauma‐related words, ηp 2 = .10. However, contrary to our expectations, directed forgetting, ηp 2 = .26; and negative priming effects were observed for trauma‐related words but not for words of other valences, ηp 2 = .07 and .06, respectively. Hence, rather than the expected inhibitory deficits, our results suggest that PTSS preserve the ability to inhibit trauma‐related information in both attentional and memory processes. As it appears to occur at the expense of other information, this preserved cognitive functioning for trauma‐related stimuli is discussed with regard to resource reallocation theories. Resumen: Spanish Abstracts by Asociación Chilena de Estrés Traumático (ACET) Más allá de los resultados clínicos: los síntomas de estrés postraumático favorecen las habilidades de control de la atención y memoria para palabras relacionadas con el trauma INHIBICIÓN DE LA MEMORIZACIÓN RELACIONADA CON EL TRAUMA Alteraciones de la memoria y sesgos son características centrales de síntomas de estrés postraumático (SEPT). A pesar de que un largo número de estudios ha investigado sesgos de memoria asociados con SEPT, algunas inconsistencias permanecen asociadas con la naturaleza de los mecanismos detrás de sesgos relacionados con amenazadas observados en hallazgos previos. El presente estudio exploró la medida en que déficits inhibitorios, tanto de procesos automáticos como controlados, pueden explicar estos sesgos. Los participantes ( N = 64) participaron en un procedimiento de recordar/conocer el reconocimiento de palabras positivas, neutrales, negativas y relacionadas con trauma asociadas con preparación negativa y codificación de olvido dirigido. La mitad de los participantes tuvieron altos niveles de SEPT (es decir, puntaje PCL‐5 > 40) y la mitad tuvo bajos niveles (es decir, puntaje PCL‐5 < 20). Debido a que ambos, preparación negativa y codificación de olvido dirigido están posicionadas a depender de habilidades inhibitorias, esperamos que estos efectos estén ausentes para palabras relacionadas con trauma en participantes con mayor severidad de SEPT. Replicando clásicos sesgos de memoria, participantes con elevados niveles de SEPT produjeron más respuestas de reconocimiento de "recordar" palabras relacionadas con trauma, ηp 2 = .10. Sin embargo, contrario a nuestras expectativas, el olvido dirigido, ηp 2 = .26; y efecto de preparación negativa fueron observados para palabras relacionadas con trauma, pero no para palabras de otras valencias, ηp 2 = .07 y .06, respectivamente. Por lo tanto, en lugar de los déficits inhibidores esperados, nuestros resultados sugieren que los SEPT preservan la capacidad de inhibir información relacionada con trauma tanto en procesos atencionales como de memoria. Como parece ocurrir a expensas de otra información, este funcionamiento cognitivo preservado para estímulos relacionados con el trauma es discutido considerando teorías de fuentes de relocalización. 抽象: 簡體及繁體中文撮要由亞洲創傷心理研究學會翻譯 JOTS‐19‐0113.R3_Tudorache Beyond Clinical Outcomes: Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Favor Attentional and Memory Control Abilities for Trauma‐Related Words Traditional Chinese 標題: 在臨床結果以外:創傷後壓力症狀在會提升患者對創傷相關字彙的注意及記憶控制能力 撮要: 記憶修改及偏差是創傷後壓力症狀(PTSS)的核心特徵。雖然有大量研究檢視與PTSS相關的記憶偏差, 但過往研究對威脅相關偏差的機制本質的發現卻仍有矛盾。本研究探索抑制能力缺陷 (包括自動和受控過程) 對這些偏差的影響。參加者 ( N = 64) 在一個記憶/知識的認知程序中, 面對與負向促發和定向遺忘編碼相關的正面、中性、負面及創傷相關的字彙。半數參加者有高水平的PTSS (PCL—5 分數 > 40), 其餘半數則有低水平的PTSS (PCL—5 總分 < 20) 。由於我們假設負向促發和定向遺忘的效應都視乎抑制能力, 因此我們預期這些效應不會出現於有較嚴重PTSS的參加者面對創傷相關字彙的過程。和典型記憶偏差一樣, 有高水平PTSS的參加者對創傷相關字彙產生更多「記憶」認知反應 (ηp 2 = .10) 。可是, 與我們預期相反的是, 定向遺忘 (ηp 2 = .26) 以及負向促發效應, 只在樣本面對創傷相關字彙時發生, 在其他效價的字彙皆沒有出現 (分別為 ηp 2 = .07 與.06) 。因此, 我們得出的結果是, PTSS (而非我們起初預期的抑制能力缺陷) 抑制了樣本面對創傷相關資訊時的注意及記憶過程。由於我們似乎仍需其他資訊以檢視這種效應, 我們以資源分配理論, 探討這種對創傷相關刺激的保留認知功能。 Simplified Chinese 标题: 在临床结果以外:创伤后压力症状在会提升患者对创伤相关字汇的注意及记忆控制能力 撮要: 记忆修改及偏差是创伤后压力症状(PTSS)的核心特征。虽然有大量研究检视与PTSS相关的记忆偏差, 但过往研究对威胁相关偏差的机制本质的发现却仍有矛盾。本研究探索抑制能力缺陷 (包括自动和受控过程) 对这些偏差的影响。参加者 ( N = 64) 在一个记忆/知识的认知程序中, 面对与负向促发和定向遗忘编码相关的正面、中性、负面及创伤相关的字汇。半数参加者有高水平的PTSS (PCL—5 分数 > 40), 其余半数则有低水平的PTSS (PCL—5 总分 < 20) 。由于我们假设负向促发和定向遗忘的效应都视乎抑制能力, 因此我们预期这些效应不会出现于有较严重PTSS的参加者面对创伤相关字汇的过程。和典型记忆偏差一样, 有高水平PTSS的参加者对创伤相关字汇产生更多「记忆」认知反应 (ηp 2 = .10) 。可是, 与我们预期相反的是, 定向遗忘 (ηp 2 = .26) 以及负向促发效应, 只在样本面对创伤相关字汇时发生, 在其他效价的字汇皆没有出现 (分别为 ηp 2 = .07 与.06) 。因此, 我们得出的结果是, PTSS (而非我们起初预期的抑制能力缺陷) 抑制了样本面对创伤相关信息时的注意及记忆过程。由于我们似乎仍需其他信息以检视这种效应, 我们以资源分配理论, 探讨这种对创伤相关刺激的保留认知功能。 … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Journal of traumatic stress. Volume 33:Issue 5(2020:Oct.)
- Journal:
- Journal of traumatic stress
- Issue:
- Volume 33:Issue 5(2020:Oct.)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 33, Issue 5 (2020)
- Year:
- 2020
- Volume:
- 33
- Issue:
- 5
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2020-0033-0005-0000
- Page Start:
- 783
- Page End:
- 793
- Publication Date:
- 2020-06-10
- Subjects:
- Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Periodicals
616.8521 - Journal URLs:
- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗
- DOI:
- 10.1002/jts.22531 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0894-9867
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
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- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
- Physical Locations:
- British Library DSC - 5070.520000
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