Secondary foundation species foster novel plant–animal interactions in the forest canopy: evidence from mistletoe. Issue 5 (25th June 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zamora, Regino; Lázaro‐González, Alba; Hódar, José A.
• Is Part Of: Insect conservation and diversity. Volume 13:Issue 5(2020)
• Page Start: 470
• Page End: 479
• Publication Date: 2020-06-25
• Subjects: Arthropod biodiversity -- forest canopies -- herbivores and pollinators -- novel mutualistic interactions -- parasitic plants -- secondary foundation species; Entomology -- Periodicals; Insects -- Conservation -- Periodicals; Biodiversity -- Periodicals; Insects -- Ecology -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 333.955716
• DOI: 10.1111/icad.12428
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1752-458X

Abstract

Abstract: Forest canopies provide the initial physical and biological framework to secondary, dependent species, such as parasitic plants. In a Mediterranean pine forest, we have taxonomically and functionally characterised the entire arthropod community that interacts with mistletoe during its flowering period. We hypothesise that a secondary foundation species such as mistletoe enhances the arthropod diversity and abundance, fostering novel plant–animal interactions in the canopy. Our results clearly show contrasting guilds of herbivores (highly specialised) and floral visitors (highly generalist) with markedly different taxonomic and ecological profiles, the latter determining the fruit set of the mistletoe. By acting as a secondary foundation species, mistletoe, during flowering, increases the diversity and abundance of newcomers in the pine canopy. New species attracted to the canopy include a specialised herbivore, Cacopsylla visci, and a diverse guild of floral visitors, including the orders Hymenoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, and Lepidoptera. In conclusion, mistletoe creates conditions that support the co‐occurrence of functionally distinct organisms in the canopies, fostering pine forest biodiversity and complexity of ecological interactions. Abstract : Abundance of flower‐pollinator interactions by taxonomic group in female (purple) and male (orange) mistletoe plants in both years of sampling (2013 and 2014), followed by abundance of nocturnal visitors carrying mistletoe pollen. Temporal variation corresponds to each sampling week (M4, last week of March; A1, A2, A3, and A4, first, second, third, and fourth week of April, respectively; My1 and My2, first and second week of May).