A radiologist's guide to novel anticancer therapies in the era of precision medicine. (2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Khader, Ali; Bokhari, Rozan; Hakimelahi, Reza; Scheirey, Christopher; Afnan, Jalil; Braschi-Amirfarzan, Marta; Thomas, Richard
• Is Part Of: European journal of radiology open. Volume 9(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022
• Subjects: Cancer -- Targeted therapy -- Molecular therapy -- Immune checkpoint -- Immunotherapy -- Hormonal agents -- Chemotherapy; Medical radiology -- Periodicals; 616.075705
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2022.100406
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2352-0477

Abstract

Abstract: Novel anticancer agents have replaced conventional chemotherapy as first line agents for many cancers, with continued new and expanding indications. Small molecule inhibitors act on cell surface or intracellular targets and prevent the downstream signaling that would otherwise permit tumor growth and spread. Anticancer antibodies can be directed against growth factors or may be immunotherapeutic agents. The latter act by inhibiting mechanisms that cancer cells use to evade the immune system. Hormonal agents act by decreasing levels of hormones that are necessary for the growth of certain cancer cells. Cancer therapy protocols often include novel anticancer agents and conventional chemotherapy used successively or in combination, in order to maximize survival and minimize morbidity. A working knowledge of anti-cancer drug classification will aid the radiologist in assessing response on imaging. Highlights: Novel anticancer agents include small molecule inhibitors, antibodies and hormones. These agents are predominantly cytostatic and inhibit factors that provide a survival advantage to tumor cells. Modern cancer therapy employs a combination of novel anticancer agents and conventional chemotherapy. It is essential for radiologists to have a broad understanding of these agents and their mechanisms of action.