Assessment of the effect of sub-lethal acute toxicity of Emamectin benzoate in Labeo rohita using multiple biomarker approach. (2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kumar, Vikas; Swain, Himanshu Sekhar; Das, Basanta Kumar; Roy, Sankhajit; Upadhyay, Aurobinda; Ramteke, Mitesh Hiradas; Kole, Ramen Kumar; Banerjee, Hemanta
• Is Part Of: Toxicology reports. Volume 9(2022)
• Page Start: 102
• Page End: 110
• Publication Date: 2022
• Subjects: Emamectin benzoate -- L. rohita -- Hematology -- Stress -- Immune responses; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Clinical toxicology -- Periodicals; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Hazardous Substances; Poisoning; Toxicology; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Periodicals; 571.9505
• DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.01.001
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2214-7500

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: LC50 (91 μL −1 ) were determined in freshwater fish, L. rohita exposed to EMB at 96 h. The calculated safe limit of EMB was 2.30 μgL -1 at LC50 96 h. Two sub-lethal concentrations (1.82 μgL -1 and 9.1 μgL -1 ) of EMB significantly altered the hematological parameters, oxidative enzymes, stress hormones and immunological responses in L. rohita . Abstract: Emamectin benzoate (EMB) is a potent neurotoxin agent, widely used for ectoparasites control in aquaculture, but their detailed toxicological implications in Labeo rohita are unknown. Thus, this study was conceptualized to determine the LC50 and to investigate the effects of two sub-lethal concentrations 1/50th of 96 h LC50 (1.82 μgL −1 ) and 1/10thof 96 h LC50 (9.1 μgL −1 ) on hemato-immunological and biochemical responses in L. rohita (mean weight 25.54 ± 2.3 g and length 10.35 ± 2.4 cm) for a period of 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. LC50 of EMB were 163 μgL -1, 112 μgL -1, 99 μgL -1 and 91 μgL -1 at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h respectively. The safe limit at 96 h LC50 of EMB was 2.30 μgL -1 . In EMB treated fish, red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit counts were reduced (p < 0.05) significantly. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the liver and kidney declined (p < 0.05) at 72 h while in gill and muscle the activity increased significantly. Glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activity in the liver, gill, and kidney increased (p < 0.05) while muscle decreased significantly. Catalase (CAT) activity in liver, gill, and muscle decreased while in kidney increases. Glutamic-oxaloacetic acid transaminase (GOT) activity and Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activity were increased in liver, kidney, and muscle tissue. The change in serum triglycerides, serum protein level was noticed. The level of cortisol, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and HSP90 increased (p < 0.05) while the immunological responses like immunoglobulin M (IgM) and complement 3(C3) activity decreased (p < 0.05) in EMB exposed fish. Thus, EMB exposure at two sub-lethal concentrations in L. rohita induces several hemato-immuno, and biochemical alterations in blood, serum, and different organs. The overall result of the present study indicated that EMB is toxic to fish even for a short-term exposure and low doses, and therefore utmost caution should be taken to prevent their drainage into water bodies.