COVID-19 Vaccination reduced pneumonia severity. (2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wada, Noriaki; Li, Yi; Hino, Takuya; Gagne, Staci; Valtchinov, Vladimir I.; Gay, Elizabeth; Nishino, Mizuki; Madore, Bruno; Guttmann, Charles R.G.; Bond, Sheila; Ishigami, Kousei; Hunninghake, Gary M.; Levy, Bruce D.; Kaye, Kenneth M.; Christiani, David C.; Hatabu, Hiroto
• Is Part Of: European journal of radiology open. Volume 9(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022
• Subjects: COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019 -- SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 -- RT-PCR reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction -- mRNA messenger ribonucleic acid -- GGO ground-glass opacity -- OP organizing pneumonia -- DAD diffuse alveolar damage; COVID-19 -- Pneumonia -- CT -- Vaccination -- Lung; Medical radiology -- Periodicals; 616.075705
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2022.100456
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2352-0477

Abstract

Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the effect of vaccinations and boosters on the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia on CT scans during the period of Delta and Omicron variants. Methods: Retrospectively studied were 303 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between July 2021 and February 2022, who had obtained at least one CT scan within 6 weeks around the COVID-19 diagnosis (−2 to +4 weeks). The severity of pneumonia was evaluated with a 6-point scale Pneumonia Score. The association between demographic and clinical data and vaccination status (booster/additional vaccination, complete vaccination and un-vaccination) and the difference between Pneumonia Scores by vaccination status were investigated. Results: Of 303 patients (59.4 ± 16.3 years; 178 females), 62 (20 %) were in the booster/additional vaccination group, 117 (39 %) in the complete vaccination group, and 124 (41 %) in the unvaccinated group. Interobserver agreement of the Pneumonia Score was high (weighted kappa score = 0.875). Patients in the booster/additionally vaccinated group tended to be older (P = 0.0085) and have more underlying comorbidities (P < 0.0001), and the Pneumonia Scores were lower in the booster/additionally vaccinated [median 2 (IQR 0–4)] and completely vaccinated groups [median 3 (IQR 1–4)] than those in the unvaccinated group [median 4 (IQR 2–4)], respectively (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). A multivariable linear analysis adjusted for confounding factors confirmed the difference. Conclusion: Vaccinated patients, with or without booster/additional vaccination, had milder COVID-19 pneumonia on CT scans than unvaccinated patients during the period of Delta and Omicron variants. This study supports the efficacy of the vaccine against COVID-19 from a radiological perspective.