Stress, adolescence, and sex dimorphism. (December 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Moisan, Marie-Pierre
• Is Part Of: Current opinion in endocrine and metabolic research. Volume 27(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-12
• Subjects: Glucocorticoids -- Adversity -- Synaptic pruning -- Myelin -- Gender -- Puberty; ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone -- AVP Arginine Vasopressin -- BDNF Brain-derived neurotrophic factor -- CBG Corticosteroid binding globulin -- CRH Corticotropin releasing hormone -- GILZ Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper -- GM Grey matter -- HPA Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis -- OGT O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase -- PTSD Post-traumatic stress disorder -- vmPFC Ventromedial prefrontal cortex; Endocrine glands -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Metabolism -- Disorders -- Periodicals; Endocrine System Diseases; Metabolic Diseases; Endocrine glands -- Diseases; Metabolism -- Disorders; Periodical; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 616.4
• DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2022.100418
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2451-9650

Abstract

Abstract: Recent studies have revealed that adolescence is a period of intense brain plasticity rendering this developmental stage vulnerable to the deleterious effects of stress on mental health. Stress-sensitive brain regions, involved in cognitive and affective processes, are actively developing during this period, through synaptic pruning, myelination, and connectivity between each other. Specific stress reactivity in adolescence may result from the programming effect of previous early life adversities or from exposure to stressors incurred during the peri-adolescent period. In each case, the outcomes are often sex-specific due to difference in genes present on sex chromosomes, sex-specific parent-of-origin gene expression as well as the influence of gonadal hormones that impact brain maturation during development and around puberty. Misreporting of sex dimorphism still exist and need to be solved by better training. More longitudinal clinical analyses are awaited to separate the effect of cumulative stress to the ones occurring specifically at adolescence.