Hepatitis B virus movement through the hepatocyte: An update. (30th August 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Prange, Reinhild
• Is Part Of: Biology of the cell. Volume 114:Number 12(2022)
• Page Start: 325
• Page End: 348
• Publication Date: 2022-08-30
• Subjects: autophagy -- COPII -- ESCRT -- virus assembly -- virus budding -- virus egress -- virus maturation; Cytology -- Periodicals; Electron microscopy -- Periodicals; 571.6
• DOI: 10.1111/boc.202200060
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0248-4900

Abstract

Abstract: Viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens that utilize cellular machinery for many aspects of their propagation and effective egress of virus particles from host cells is one important determinant of virus infectivity. Hijacking host cell processes applies in particular to the hepatitis B virus (HBV), as its DNA genome with about 3 kb in size is one of the smallest viral genomes known. HBV is a leading cause of liver disease and still displays one of the most successful pathogens in human populations worldwide. The extremely successful spread of this virus is explained by its efficient transmission strategies and its versatile particle types, including virions, empty envelopes, naked capsids, and others. HBV exploits distinct host trafficking machineries to assemble and release its particle types including nucleocytoplasmic shuttling transport, secretory, and exocytic pathways, the Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport pathway, and the autophagy pathway. Understanding how HBV uses and subverts host membrane trafficking systems offers the chance of obtaining new mechanistic insights into the regulation and function of this essential cellular processes. It can also help to identify potential targets for antiviral interventions. Here, I will provide an overview of HBV maturation, assembly, and budding, with a focus on recent advances, and will point out areas where questions remain that can benefit from future studies. Unless otherwise indicated, almost all presented knowledge was gained from cell culture‐based, HBV in vitro‐replication and in vitro‐infection systems. Abstract : Model of intracellular trafficking routes of progeny hepatitis B virus (HBV) viral and subviral particles through the liver cell involving nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, movement through the ER/Golgi secretory pathway, and budding and release through the multivesicular body (MVB) and/or secretory autophagosomes (sAP) axis.