Pathways of introduction of alien species in Norway: Analyses of an exhaustive dataset to prioritise management efforts. Issue 12 (21st September 2022)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Pathways of introduction of alien species in Norway: Analyses of an exhaustive dataset to prioritise management efforts. Issue 12 (21st September 2022)
- Main Title:
- Pathways of introduction of alien species in Norway: Analyses of an exhaustive dataset to prioritise management efforts
- Authors:
- Sandvik, Hanno
Olsen, Siri L.
Töpper, Joachim P.
Hilmo, Olga - Abstract:
- Abstract: Alien species constitute one of the major threats to global biodiversity. Stopping alien species at an early stage, preferably before establishment, is crucial for the effectiveness of management actions. To enable early detection and prevent future introductions, knowledge of pathways of introduction and their absolute and relative importance is crucial. Based on an exhaustive impact assessment of alien species in Norway (all multicellular neobiota), the relations of taxonomy, lifestyle and ecological impact of alien species to their pathways of introduction are investigated. This taxonomically and ecologically unbiased dataset contains 2267 unique pathways of 1180 alien species. Ecological and taxonomic patterns indicate that terrestrial organisms were predominantly introduced by means of escape (mainly perennial plants escaped from gardens), parasites as contaminants (mainly fungi and insects parasitising plants), freshwater organisms by release (mainly vertebrates) and marine organisms as stowaways (mainly invertebrates and algae). Unaided introductions were most common among insects and marine organisms. Alien species with high ecological impact were mainly introduced along the same pathways as other alien species. In relative terms, high‐impact species were overrepresented among released species, even though this pathway was subordinate in absolute terms. The number of pathways and the overall introduction pressure were important predictors of ecologicalAbstract: Alien species constitute one of the major threats to global biodiversity. Stopping alien species at an early stage, preferably before establishment, is crucial for the effectiveness of management actions. To enable early detection and prevent future introductions, knowledge of pathways of introduction and their absolute and relative importance is crucial. Based on an exhaustive impact assessment of alien species in Norway (all multicellular neobiota), the relations of taxonomy, lifestyle and ecological impact of alien species to their pathways of introduction are investigated. This taxonomically and ecologically unbiased dataset contains 2267 unique pathways of 1180 alien species. Ecological and taxonomic patterns indicate that terrestrial organisms were predominantly introduced by means of escape (mainly perennial plants escaped from gardens), parasites as contaminants (mainly fungi and insects parasitising plants), freshwater organisms by release (mainly vertebrates) and marine organisms as stowaways (mainly invertebrates and algae). Unaided introductions were most common among insects and marine organisms. Alien species with high ecological impact were mainly introduced along the same pathways as other alien species. In relative terms, high‐impact species were overrepresented among released species, even though this pathway was subordinate in absolute terms. The number of pathways and the overall introduction pressure were important predictors of ecological impact, especially of the species' invasion potential, and area of occupancy. Introduction rates of novel alien species have seen recent increases in all taxa and along almost all pathways. This acceleration was especially pronounced for insects and fungi introduced as contaminants and for marine organisms introduced as stowaways. In absolute terms, introduction rates were highest for plant escapes, reaching more than five novel species per year. Synthesis and applications . Introductions of new alien species cannot be prevented by closing one or two introduction pathways, since none can be singled out as the main pathway of high‐impact alien species. Yet each pathways closed makes a difference, as this reduces the overall introduction pressure. The highest priorities for management are the pathways that are easiest to address, such as release, and those with the highest volumes, such as plant trade. Abstract : Introductions of new alien species cannot be prevented by closing one or two introduction pathways, since none can be singled out as the main pathway of high‐impact alien species. Yet each pathways closed makes a difference, as this reduces the overall introduction pressure. The highest priorities for management are the pathways that are easiest to address, such as release, and those with the highest volumes, such as plant trade. Sammendrag: Fremmede arter er blant de største truslene mot det globale naturmangfoldet. Den mest effektive forvaltninga av fremmede arter består i å stoppe dem på et tidlig stadium, fortrinnsvis før de har etablert seg. Tiltak som muliggjør tidlig varsling og forhindrer fremtidige introduksjoner, forutsetter kunnskap om spredningsveier og deres absolutte og relative betydning. Undersøkelsen baserer seg på en fullstendig risikovurdering av alle flercella fremmede arter i Norge og tester hvordan fremmede arters introduksjonsveier varierer med deres taksonomi, levevis og økologiske risiko. Datasettet omfatter 2267 unike spredningsveier for 1180 fremmede arter og er taksonomisk og økologisk representativt. Terrestriske organismer har hovedsakelig blitt introdusert ved rømning/forvilling (mest flerårige planter som forvilles fra hager), parasitter som forurensning (mest sopper og insekter som følger med planter), ferskvannsorganismer ved utsetting (mest virveldyr) og marine organismer som blindpassasjerer (mest virvelløse dyr og alger). Introduksjon ved egenspredning var vanligst blant insekter or marine organismer. Skadelige fremmede arter hadde hovedsakelig de samme introduksjonsveiene som øvrige fremmede arter. Relativt sett var skadelige fremmede arter overrepresentert blant utsettinger, selv om denne introduksjonsveien var av underordna betydning i absolutte tall. På tvers av arter var antall introduksjonsveier samt introduksjonstrykket tett korrelert med økologisk risiko, spesielt med artenes invasjonspotensial, og med forekomstarealet. Introduksjonsratene av helt nye fremmede arter har økt over tid i alle artsgrupper og langs de fleste introduksjonsveier. Denne akselerasjonen var tydeligst blant insekter og sopper som ble introdusert som forurensning, og blant marine organismer som ble introdusert som blindpassasjerer. Med fem nye arter per år var introduksjonsraten totalt sett høyest blant forvilla planter. Resymé og anvendelser . Introduksjoner av nye fremmede arter kan ikke forhindres ved å fokusere på én eller to introduksjonsveier. På den andre siden nytter alle tiltak som bidrar til å redusere det totale introduksjonstrykket. Introduksjonsveier med det største introduksjonstrykket (som handel med planter) og slike som det er lettest å gjøre noe med (som utsetting), er de høyeste forvaltningsprioritetene. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Journal of applied ecology. Volume 59:Issue 12(2022)
- Journal:
- Journal of applied ecology
- Issue:
- Volume 59:Issue 12(2022)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 59, Issue 12 (2022)
- Year:
- 2022
- Volume:
- 59
- Issue:
- 12
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2022-0059-0012-0000
- Page Start:
- 2959
- Page End:
- 2970
- Publication Date:
- 2022-09-21
- Subjects:
- ecological impact -- escape -- introduction pathway -- invasive species -- spread -- stowaway
Agriculture -- Periodicals
Biology, Economic -- Periodicals
Agricultural ecology -- Periodicals
Applied ecology -- Periodicals
577 - Journal URLs:
- http://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2664/ ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/member/institutions/issuelist.asp?journal=jpe ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1111/1365-2664.14287 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0021-8901
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
- View Content:
- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
- Physical Locations:
- British Library DSC - 4942.500000
British Library DSC - BLDSS-3PM
British Library HMNTS - ELD Digital store - Ingest File:
- 24624.xml