How much does it cost to meet the standards for making healthcare facilities water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) compliant?: analysis from Assam, India. (14th March 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Bhavsar, Priya; Kalpana, Pachillu; Kaul, Annapurna; Patnaik, Sweta; Ryavanki, Sridhar; Saha, Somen; Saxena, Deepak
• Is Part Of: Journal of water, sanitation, and hygiene for development. Volume 12:Number 4(2022)
• Page Start: 347
• Page End: 358
• Publication Date: 2022-03-14
• Subjects: Assam -- cost estimation -- healthcare facilities -- necessitate -- quality improvement -- WASH compliant; Drinking water -- Sanitation -- Periodicals; Water-supply -- Periodicals; Drinking Water; Hygiene; Health Planning; Water-supply; Health planning; Hygiene; Drinking water -- Quality; Sanitation; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Periodicals; 363.6105
• DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2022.124
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2043-9083

Abstract

Abstract: Inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) standards in healthcare facilities (HCFs) pose a severe risk to those who seek treatment. In India, more than one in every four HCFs lack basic water services and only 55% of facilities have access to improved sanitation. The study aims to estimate the cost to meet the standards for making WASH compliant HCFs. This cross-sectional study was centered on assessing 60 selected HCFs of Assam. The assessment comprises four steps: in the first step, domains and sub-domains were identified; in the second step, gaps were analyzed for the selected domains; in the third step, the cost was estimated for the domains and sub-domains, and in the final step, costs were estimated to meet the standards. The findings show that the cost required for the improvement varied for different types of facilities. The total annual cost to make all the selected facilities WASH compliant was found to be USD 13, 73, 741. The majority (93.3%) of the cost is required for human resources. District hospitals would require significant investment, followed by the sub-divisional hospitals and first referral units. The least cost is required to improve the state dispensary. HIGHLIGHTS: This study focuses on estimating the cost to meet the standards of WASH compliant in HCFs in one of the states in India. There are many studies and tools focusing on the assessment; however, in the case of India, infrastructure development is needed to make the healthcare facilities WASH compliant. In India, even with funding, the health facility managers are not aware of where and how to utilize it for optimizing WASH. This study provides evidence on how to find the gaps and improve the health facilities for WASH compliance. Graphical Abstract