Concentration, chemical composition and toxicological responses of the ultrafine fraction of urban air particles in PM1. (December 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Yang, Mo; Wu, Qi-Zhen; Zhang, Yun-Ting; Leskinen, Ari; Komppula, Mika; Hakkarainen, Henri; Roponen, Marjut; Xu, Shu-Li; Lin, Li-Zi; Liu, Ru-Qing; Hu, Li-Wen; Yang, Bo-Yi; Zeng, Xiao-Wen; Dong, Guang-Hui; Jalava, Pasi
• Is Part Of: Environment international. Volume 170(2023)
• Publication Date: 2022-12
• Subjects: Ultrafine particles -- PM1 -- Chemical components -- Toxicological responses; PM particulate matter -- PN particle number -- UFPs ultrafine particles -- TEM transmission electron microscope -- PAHs polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons -- HVCI high-volume cascade impactor -- HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography -- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide -- Na+ sodium -- NH4+ ammonium -- K+, K potassium -- Li+ lithium -- Mg2+ magnesium -- Ca2+ calcium -- F− fluoride -- Cl− chloride -- Br− bromine -- NO2− nitrite -- NO3− nitrate -- SO42− sulfate -- PO43− phosphate -- NA Naphthalene -- AC Acenaphthene -- ACL Acenaphthylene -- FL Fluorene -- PHE Phenanthrene -- AN Anthracene -- FA Fluoranthene -- PY Pyrene -- B(a)A Benzo(a)anthracene -- CHR Chrysene -- B(b)FA Benzo(b)fluoranthene -- B(k)FA Benzo(k)fluoranthene -- B(j)FA Benzo(j)fluoranthene -- B(e)P Benzo(e)pyrene -- B(a)P Benzo(a)pyrene -- IP Indeno(1, 2, 3-cd)pyrene -- DB(a, h)A Dibenzo(a, h)anthracene -- B(g, h, i)P Benzo(g, h, i)perylene -- Be beryllium -- Na sodium -- Mg magnesium -- Al aluminum -- Si silicon -- Ca calcium -- V vanadium -- Cr chromium -- Mn manganese -- Fe iron -- Co Cobalt -- Ni nickel -- Cu copper -- Zn zinc -- As arsenic -- Se selenium -- Sr strontium -- Y yttrium -- Cd cadmium -- Sn stannum -- Sb antimony -- Ba barium -- Ce cerium -- Tl thallium -- Pb lead -- U uranium -- DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium -- FBS fetal bovine serum -- L-Glut L-Glutamine -- Pen-Strep Penicillin-streptomycin -- PMA phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate -- PBS phosphate buffered saline -- W1503 embryo transfer water -- CMA cell mitochondrial activity -- SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate -- PI propidium iodide -- DCF 2′, 7′- dichlorofluorescein -- TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha -- IL-6 interleukin 6 -- IL-8 interleukin 8 -- ELISA enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; Environmental protection -- Periodicals; Environmental health -- Periodicals; Environmental monitoring -- Periodicals; Environmental Monitoring -- Periodicals; Environnement -- Protection -- Périodiques; Hygiène du milieu -- Périodiques; Environnement -- Surveillance -- Périodiques; Environmental health; Environmental monitoring; Environmental protection; Periodicals; 333.705
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107661
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0160-4120

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: High number concentration and toxicity of ultrafine particles cannot be ignored. Monitoring the number concentrations of small particles is important. Mono-culture exposure to PM may underestimate the true PM toxicity. Abstract: Epidemiological and toxicological evidence show that PM1 is a key driver of PM2.5 . However, the particle sizes that play the major damaging role in PM1 is unclear. Our aims were to (1) explore the concentration and chemical composition of ultrafine particles in PM1 ; (2) evaluate and compare the differences in toxicity of PM1-0.2 and PM0.2 to different airway cell models. We collected PM1-0.2 and PM0.2 in Guangzhou in December 2017, monitored and detected their concentrations, size, and components. A549, THP-1 mono-cultures and A549/THP-1 co-cultured cells were exposed to PM1-0.2 and PM0.2, and evaluated for toxicological responses. PM0.2 contributed to15% PM1 mass and 87.67% to particle number (PN). Most of PM0.2 was PM0.1 (exceed 75%). Structure of particles in PM0.2 were mostly spherical, whereas in PM1-0.2 they were more diverse. Within the same mass unit, PM0.2 contained more chemical components than PM1-0.2 ; within the same volume, a higher mass of components was found in PM1-0.2 . IL-6 and IL-8 were secreted by co-cultured cells in higher manner compared to mono cell cultures. PM0.2 -induced higher toxicological responses compared to PM1-0.2 . Our findings suggest that high PN concentration and toxicity of ultrafine or PM1 cannot be ignored. Mono-cell culture may underestimate the true PM toxicity.