Local‐scale climatic refugia offer sanctuary for a habitat‐forming species during a marine heatwave. (9th February 2021)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Local‐scale climatic refugia offer sanctuary for a habitat‐forming species during a marine heatwave. (9th February 2021)
- Main Title:
- Local‐scale climatic refugia offer sanctuary for a habitat‐forming species during a marine heatwave
- Authors:
- Verdura, Jana
Santamaría, Jorge
Ballesteros, Enric
Smale, Dan A.
Cefalì, Maria Elena
Golo, Raül
de Caralt, Sònia
Vergés, Alba
Cebrian, Emma - Editors:
- Van Alstyne, Kathy
- Abstract:
- Abstract: Gradual climate change and discrete extreme climatic events have driven shifts in the structure of populations and the distribution of species in many marine ecosystems. The most profound impacts of recent warming trends have been generally observed at species' warm edges and on large conspicuous species. However, given that different species and populations exhibit different responses to warming, and that responses are highly variable at regional scales, there is a need to broaden the evidence to include less conspicuous species and to focus on both local‐ and regional‐scale processes. We examined the population dynamics of canopy‐forming seaweed populations situated at the core range of their distribution during a regional marine heatwave (MHW) event that occurred in the Mediterranean Sea in 2015, to determine between‐site variability in relation to the intensity of the MHW. We combined field observations with a thermo‐tolerance experiment to elucidate mechanisms underlying observed responses. Despite our study populations are located in the species core range, the MHW was concomitant with a high mortality and structural shifts in only one of the two surveyed populations, most likely due to differences in habitat characteristics between sites (e.g. degree of shelter and seawater transfer). The experiment showed high mortalities at temperatures of 28°C, having the most severe implications for early life stages and fertility, which is consistent with warming beingAbstract: Gradual climate change and discrete extreme climatic events have driven shifts in the structure of populations and the distribution of species in many marine ecosystems. The most profound impacts of recent warming trends have been generally observed at species' warm edges and on large conspicuous species. However, given that different species and populations exhibit different responses to warming, and that responses are highly variable at regional scales, there is a need to broaden the evidence to include less conspicuous species and to focus on both local‐ and regional‐scale processes. We examined the population dynamics of canopy‐forming seaweed populations situated at the core range of their distribution during a regional marine heatwave (MHW) event that occurred in the Mediterranean Sea in 2015, to determine between‐site variability in relation to the intensity of the MHW. We combined field observations with a thermo‐tolerance experiment to elucidate mechanisms underlying observed responses. Despite our study populations are located in the species core range, the MHW was concomitant with a high mortality and structural shifts in only one of the two surveyed populations, most likely due to differences in habitat characteristics between sites (e.g. degree of shelter and seawater transfer). The experiment showed high mortalities at temperatures of 28°C, having the most severe implications for early life stages and fertility, which is consistent with warming being the cause of population changes in the field. Crucially, the regional‐scale quantification of the MHW (as described by satellite‐derived SSTs) did not capture local‐scale variation in MHW conditions at the study sites, which likely explained variation in population‐level responses to warming. Synthesis . Enclosed and semi‐enclosed seas, such as the Mediterranean Sea, often highly impacted by human perturbations, are also global hotspots for ocean warming and are highly susceptible to future MHWs. Our findings highlight that local‐scale variability in the magnitude of extreme climatic events can lead to local extinctions of already fragmented populations of habitat‐forming seaweeds, even towards the species' core range. However, our results highlight the potential for local‐scale climatic refugia, which could be identified and managed to safeguard the persistence of canopy‐forming seaweeds. Abstract : We examined the dynamics of canopy‐forming seaweed populations during a regional marine heatwave. Local‐scale variability in the magnitude of extreme climatic events can lead to local extinctions of already fragmented populations, although they can persist in local‐scale climatic refugia. Resum: El canvi climàtic gradual i els esdeveniments climàtics extrems que tenen lloc de manera puntual, han originat canvis en l'estructura de poblacions i en la distribució d'espècies en molts ecosistemes marins. Els impactes més severs de l'escalfament global, s'han observat generalment als límits càlids de la distribució de les espècies i en espècies conspícues. Tanmateix, atès que les diferents espècies i poblacions presenten diferents respostes a l'escalfament, i que les respostes poden ser molt variables a escala regional, cal ampliar les evidències respecte a espècies menys abundants (visibles) i centrar‐se en processos tant a escala local com regional. En el present estudi, s'examina la dinàmica poblacional de poblacions de macroalgues formadores de boscos, situades al centre del rang de distribució geogràfic de l'espècie, durant una onada de calor d'abast regional que va tenir lloc a la Mediterrània l'any 2015. Es pretén determinar la variabilitat de la intensitat de l'onada de calor a escala local. Amb aquest objectiu, es combinen observacions de camp amb un experiment de termo‐tolerància per dilucidar els mecanismes subjacents a les respostes observades. Tot i que les poblacions estudiades es localitzen al centre del rang de distribució de l'espècie, l'onada de calor va ser concomitant amb una mortalitat massiva i canvis estructurals, de només una de les dues poblacions estudiades. Aquest fet, probablement és degut a les diferents característiques de l'hàbitat de les dues poblacions (per exemple, grau d'exposició i circulació d'aigua de mar). L'experiment va mostrar una elevada mortalitat a temperatures de 28 °C, on les implicacions més greus es van detectar en les primeres etapes de vida i en la fertilitat. Aquests resultats són coherents en assenyalar l'escalfament com la causa dels canvis detectats a la població natural. Crucialment, l'estudi de l'onada de calor a escala regional (descrita a partir de dades satèl·lit de la temperatura superficial de l'aigua) no va copsar la variació a escala local (localitats d'estudi) en la magnitud d'aquesta, el que probablement explica les diferents respostes a l'escalfament a escala de població. Síntesi . Els mars tancats i semitancats, com la Mediterrània, estan sovint molt afectats per pertorbacions d'origen humà. Tanmateix, representen zones molt susceptibles a l'escalfament global i a les onades de calor. Els nostres resultats destaquen que la variabilitat a escala local de la magnitud dels esdeveniments climàtics extrems pot conduir a extincions locals de poblacions de macroalgues formadores de boscos, que actualment, presenten distribucions fragmentades, fins i tot en aquelles situades al centre del rang de distribució de l'espècie. No obstant això, el nostre estudi també destaca l'existència potencial de refugis climàtics a escala local que, de ser identificats i ben gestionats podrien salvaguardar la seva persistència. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Journal of ecology. Volume 109:Number 4(2021)
- Journal:
- Journal of ecology
- Issue:
- Volume 109:Number 4(2021)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 109, Issue 4 (2021)
- Year:
- 2021
- Volume:
- 109
- Issue:
- 4
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2021-0109-0004-0000
- Page Start:
- 1758
- Page End:
- 1773
- Publication Date:
- 2021-02-09
- Subjects:
- canopy‐forming seaweeds -- Carpodesmia -- climate change -- climatic refugia -- coastal ecosystems -- Cystoseira -- Ericaria -- marine heatwaves
Plant ecology -- Periodicals
577.05 - Journal URLs:
- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2745 ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1111/1365-2745.13599 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0022-0477
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
- View Content:
- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
- Physical Locations:
- British Library DSC - 4972.000000
British Library DSC - BLDSS-3PM
British Library HMNTS - ELD Digital store - Ingest File:
- 24540.xml