The epidemiology of substance use among street children in resource‐constrained settings: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. (12th July 2013)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Embleton, Lonnie; Mwangi, Ann; Vreeman, Rachel; Ayuku, David; Braitstein, Paula
• Is Part Of: Addiction. Volume 108:Number 10(2013:Oct.)
• Page Start: 1722
• Page End: 1733
• Publication Date: 2013-07-12
• Subjects: Homeless youth -- resource‐constrained settings -- street children -- substance use -- systematic review -- volatile solvent use; Alcoholism -- Periodicals; Drug addiction -- Periodicals; 616.86
• DOI: 10.1111/add.12252
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0965-2140

Abstract

Abstract: Aims: To compile and analyze critically the literature published on street children and substance use in resource‐constrained settings. Methods: We searched the literature systematically and used meta‐analytical procedures to synthesize literature that met the review's inclusion criteria. Pooled‐prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using the random‐effects model for life‐time substance use by geographical region as well as by type of substance used. Results: Fifty studies from 22 countries were included into the review. Meta‐analysis of combined life‐time substance use from 27 studies yielded an overall drug use pooled‐prevalence estimate of 60% (95% CI = 51–69%). Studies from 14 countries contributed to an overall pooled prevalence for street children's reported inhalant use of 47% (95% CI = 36–58%). This review reveals significant gaps in the literature, including a dearth of data on physical and mental health outcomes, HIV and mortality in association with street children's substance use. Conclusions: Street children from resource‐constrained settings reported high life‐time substance use. Inhalants are the predominant substances used, followed by tobacco, alcohol and marijuana.