Microbiota and lung cancer. (November 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Goto, Taichiro
• Is Part Of: Seminars in cancer biology. Volume 86(2023)Part 3
• Page Start: 1
• Page End: 10
• Publication Date: 2022-11
• Subjects: NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer -- PD-1 programmed cell death-1 -- PD-L1 PD-1 ligand -- CTLA-4 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 -- ICI immune checkpoint inhibitor -- FMT fecal microbiota transplantation -- PI3K phosphoinositide 3-kinase -- gDNA genomic DNA -- COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease -- TIGIT T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains -- IL interleukin -- ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinase -- PARP1 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 -- TP53 tumor protein p53 -- LELC lymphoepithelial-like carcinoma -- EBV Epstein-Barr virus -- EBER EBV encoded small nonpolyadenylated RNA -- LMP1 latent membrane protein 1 -- VCA virus capsid antigen -- LSH lymphoid specific helicase -- GINS4 Go, Ichi, Nii, and San complex subunit 4 -- EGLN1 Egl-9 Family Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 -- JC virus John Cunningham virus -- Treg regulatory T cell -- CCL24 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 24 -- Th17 T helper type 17 -- TIL tumor infiltrating lymphocyte -- APC antigen presenting cell -- TLR toll-like receptor -- Myd88 myeloid differentiation factor 88 -- GF germ-free -- SPF specific pathogen-free -- PRR pattern recognition receptor -- NTHi nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae -- SCFA short-chain fatty acid -- FoxP3 forkhead box P3; Microbiome -- Lung cancer -- Oncogenesis -- Inflammation -- Immunotherapy; Cancer -- Periodicals; Neoplasms -- Periodicals; Review Literature; Cancer -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 616.994
• DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.07.006
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1044-579X

Abstract

Abstract: Until recently, bacteria have been studied in terms of their roles in infectious diseases and mainly by using isolation and culture methods. However, in practice, many bacteria existing on the earth are difficult to isolate and culture, and thus only a limited number of them have been studied to date. On the other hand, in 2005, the next-generation sequencing technology became generally available, and since then genomic analysis of bacterial flora has become widespread. As a result, it has been revealed that the lower respiratory tract, which was previously thought to be sterile, in fact has bacterial flora (a microbiome) with a high level of biodiversity. In addition, it has been found that various diseases develop and worsen depending on the balance of the bacterial flora, and in recent years, a relationship has been established between various disorders. Recent research on cancer-associated microbial communities has elucidated the reciprocal interactions among bacteria, tumors and immune cells, the bacterial pathways associated with induction of oncogenesis, and their translational significance. Nevertheless, despite the increasing evidence showing that dysbiosis is associated with lung oncogenesis, the detailed mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Microorganisms seem to trigger tumor initiation and progression, presumably through the production of bacterio-toxins and other pro-inflammatory factors. The purpose of this review is to present a context for the basic mechanisms and molecular functions of the airway microbiome in oncogenesis, in an effort to prevent cancer by strategies utilizing the airway microbiota, as well as summarizing the mechanisms wherein the microbiome acts as a modulator of immunotherapies in lung cancer.