Exosome-based nanomedicine for cancer treatment by targeting inflammatory pathways: Current status and future perspectives. (November 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ansari, Mohammad Azam; Thiruvengadam, Muthu; Venkidasamy, Baskar; Alomary, Mohammad N.; Salawi, Ahmad; Chung, Ill-Min; Shariati, Mohammad Ali; Rebezov, Maksim
• Is Part Of: Seminars in cancer biology. Volume 86(2023)Part 2
• Page Start: 678
• Page End: 696
• Publication Date: 2022-11
• Subjects: PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinases -- PKB Protein kinase B -- RTKs Receptor tyrosine kinases -- mTOR Mammalian target of rapamycin -- RAS Rat Sarcoma -- TGF-β Transforming growth factor beta -- NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells -- MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase -- JAK-STAT Janus Kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription -- KRAS Kirsten rat sarcoma virus -- EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor -- NSCLC Non-small-cell lung carcinoma -- GATA4 GATA Binding Protein 4 -- ZSD Zi Shen decoction -- MSC Mesenchymal stem cells -- GEM Gemcitabine -- DDP Cisplatin -- HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma -- LAMP2 Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2; Cancer resistance -- Cell signaling -- Nanoparticle -- Exosome -- Inflammation; Cancer -- Periodicals; Neoplasms -- Periodicals; Review Literature; Cancer -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 616.994
• DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.04.005
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1044-579X

Abstract

Abstract: Cancer is one of the dreadful diseases worldwide. Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, are the three basic standard modes of cancer treatment. However, difficulties in cancer treatment are increasing due to immune escape, spreading of cancer to other places, and resistance of cancer cells to therapies. Various signaling mechanisms, including PI3K/Akt/mTOR, RAS, WNT/β-catenin, TGF-beta, and notch pathways, are involved in cancer resistance. The adaptive inflammatory response is the initial line of defence against infection. However, chronic inflammation can lead to tumorigenesis, malignant transformation, tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. The most commonly dysregulated inflammatory pathways linked to cancer include NF-κB, MAPK, JAK-STAT, and PI3K/AKT. To overcome major hurdles in cancer therapy, nanomedicine is receiving much attention due to its role as a vehicle for delivering chemotherapeutic agents that specifically target tumor sites. Several biocompatible nanocarriers including polymer and inorganic nanoparticles, liposomes, micellar nanoparticles, nanotubes, and exosomes have been extensively studied. Exosome has been reported as an important potential system that could be effectively used as a bioinspired, bioengineered, and biomimetic drug delivery solution considering its toxicity, immunogenicity, and rapid clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system. Exosome-mimetic vesicles are receiving much interest for developing nano-sized delivery systems. In this review, exosomes in detail as well as certain other nanocarriers, and their potential therapeutic roles in cancer therapy has been thoroughly discussed. Additionally, we also reviewed on oncogenic and tumor suppressor proteins, inflammation, and their associated signaling pathways and their interference by exosomes based nanomedicine.